Abstract: Systems, methods, and metabolically engineered microorganisms are contemplated in which low molecular weight gases, and especially methane and syngas are used as a carbon source, and in which CO2 or formaldehyde and reduction equivalents are generated for use in in vivo production of the value products.

Abstract: Genetically engineered cells and methods are presented that allow for the production of various value products from CO2. Contemplated cells have a CBB cycle that is genetically modified such that two molecules of CO2 fixed in the CBB cycle can be withdrawn from the modified CBB cycle as a single C2 compound. In contemplated aspects a CBB cycle includes an enzymatic activity that generates the single C2 compound from a compound of the CBB cycle, while further modifications to the CBB cycle will not introduce additional recombinant enzymatic activity/activities outside the already existing catalytic activities in the CBB cycle.

Abstract: A one-part dental varnish includes a solution of a rosin and a resin in a common solvent and further includes a fluoridizing agent. The dental varnish is transparent and contains about 18 to about 60 percent by weight rosin and about 25 to about 60 percent by weight resin.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the production of alcohols are described. A two stage process is utilized, where fermentation in a first stage produces an intermediate product, such as an amino acid or organic acid, from a carbon containing feedstock. A second stage produces alcohol by fermentation of this intermediate product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substantially transparent and colorless dental varnishes having improved fluoride release, transparency and color once coated.

Abstract: Described herein is a dental filler material having a core made of a core material and a shell made of a shell material, where the shell material coats or covers at least a portion of the core.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substantially transparent and colorless dental varnishes having improved fluoride release, transparency and color once coated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of cleaning an engine having at least one combustion chamber, and the method includes the steps of providing an engine cleaning composition and introducing the cleaning composition into the combustion chamber. The engine cleaning composition includes: (i) 10-100 wt % of an alkanol amine hydroxy carboxylate represented by formula (I): RCHOHCOONHa+1((CH2)nOH)b (I), wherein n is an integer in the range of 1 to 10; a is 0, 1 or 2; b is 1, 2 or 3; such that a+b=3; R represents hydrogen atom or alkyl; (ii) 0-90 wt % of a surfactant; (iii) 0-90 wt % of a solvent; and (iv) 0-90 wt % of water. The present invention also provides an engine cleaning composition to remove carbon deposit from engines.

Abstract: Dental compositions comprising a polymerizable compound, filler system of nanometer-sized silica particles, and polymerization system capable of being activated by light are provided. The compositions further contain a solvent such as a mixture of 1-butanol and acetone and may contain water. The nanometer-sized silica particles, having an average particle size of about 1 nm to about 100 nm, are uniformly dispersed within the resin. The compositions can be applied as a polish, sealant, bleach guard, or other coating material to the surfaces of dental restorations and teeth. Self-etching and non-self-etching compositions are provided. The cured coating forms a protective, durable film that enhances the shine and luster of the restorations and teeth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of cleaning an engine having at least one combustion chamber, and the method includes the steps of providing an engine cleaning composition and introducing the cleaning composition into the combustion chamber. The engine cleaning composition includes: (i) 10-100 wt % of an alkanol amine hydroxy carboxylate represented by formula (I): RCHOHCOONHa+1((CH2)nOH)b (I), wherein n is an integer in the range of 1 to 10; a is 0, 1 or 2; b is 1, 2 or 3; such that a+b=3; R represents hydrogen atom or alkyl; (ii) 0-90 wt % of a surfactant; (iii) 0-90 wt % of a solvent; and (iv) 0-90 wt % of water. The present invention also provides an engine cleaning composition to remove carbon deposit from engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a durable layer for in-mold decoration. The durable layer is formed from a composition comprising (i) a thermally crosslinkable and photochemically or radically graftable polymer, (ii) a non-ethylenical thermal crosslinker, and (iii) a radiation curable multifunctional monomer or oligomer. The durable layer of the present invention has excellent surface quality with a wider geometric tolerance and can be formed at low cost.

Abstract: A two-unit system for finishing and polishing a target surface such as a dental restoration or appliance. A two-unit system and the method of employing such a system may include a finishing unit that combines gross reduction and final contouring capabilities into the single finishing unit that still results in leaving a smooth surface finish. A separate polishing unit may also be provided that combines contacting the target surface to polish and to achieve high gloss luster into the single unit.

Abstract: Dental compositions comprising a polymerizable compound, filler system of nanometer-sized silica particles, and polymerization system capable of being activated by light are provided. The compositions further contain a solvent such as a mixture of 1-butanol and acetone and may contain water. The nanometer-sized silica particles, having an average particle size of about 1 nm to about 100 nm, are uniformly dispersed within the resin. The compositions can be applied as a polish, sealant, bleach guard, or other coating material to the surfaces of dental restorations and teeth. Self-etching and non-self-etching compositions are provided. The cured coating forms a protective, durable film that enhances the shine and luster of the restorations and teeth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are non-aqueous, radiation curable inkjet inks exhibiting stability at high shear rate (good rheological stability), stability at high temperatures, and/or stability in inkjet print heads, especially impulse inkjet print heads. The inks have a wide process window at a variety of print speeds using an impulse inkjet print head.

Abstract: This invention relates to a durable layer for in-mold decoration. The durable layer is formed from a composition comprising (i) a thermally crosslinkable and photochemically or radically graftable polymer, (ii) a non-ethylenical thermal crosslinker, and (iii) a radiation curable multifunctional monomer or oligomer. The durable layer of the present invention has excellent surface quality with a wider geometric tolerance and can be formed at low cost.

Abstract: This invention relates to a durable layer composition for in-mold decoration.