Abstract: A master device transmits beacon messages to a plurality of slave devices. The beacon messages specify upstream time slots, downstream time slots, and contention-based time slots. To register a respective slave device with the master device, the respective slave device transmits an association request to the master device during a contention-based time slot and receives an association response from the master device during a first downstream time slot. In response to receiving the association response, the respective slave device transmits an authentication request to the master device during an upstream time slot and receives an authentication response from the master device during a second downstream time slot.

Abstract: A method for managing power usage is perform at a mobile terminal having one or more processors and memory storing programs executed by the one or more processors. The mobile terminal collects its operating environment information while the mobile terminal is in a first operating mode. The mobile terminal compares the collected operating environment information with a plurality of power usage switch conditions, each power usage switch condition having an associated operating mode, to determine whether the collected operating environment information matches one of the plurality of power usage switch conditions. When this happens, the mobile terminal determines its current working status and switches from the first operating mode to the second operating mode when there is no conflict between the mobile terminal's current working status and the second operating mode associated with the matched power usage switch condition.

Abstract: A method for determining remaining battery service time of a mobile terminal includes determining a plurality of battery usage times, wherein each battery usage time corresponds to a respective predefined battery power level interval. Upon receipt of a request to determine the remaining battery service time, the mobile terminal determines a current battery power level of the mobile terminal and compares the current battery power level with at least one of the plurality of battery usage times and their associated predefined battery power level intervals to determine the remaining battery service time. The remaining battery service time is then displayed on the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A flip chip semiconductor packaging device and method that incorporates in situ formation of cavities underneath selected portions of a die during a flip chip die bonding process. A method of flip chip semiconductor component packaging includes providing a die having a first surface, forming a barrier on first surface of the die, the barrier at least partially surrounding a designated location on the first surface of the die, bonding the die to a substrate in a flip chip configuration, and flowing molding compound over the die and over at least a portion of the substrate. Bonding the die to the substrate includes causing contact between the barrier and the substrate such that flow of the molding compound is blocked by the barrier to provide a cavity between the die and the substrate, the cavity being proximate the designated location on the first surface of the die.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a multicarrier communication signal having a reduced crest factor enables efficient power amplifier operation. The apparatus includes a plurality of shaping filters (205-n) for outputting a plurality of shaped baseband transmission signals. A plurality of mixers (210-n) then multiplies each signal by one of a plurality of complex carrier signals. A window function generator (235) generates a clipping window signal based on power levels of the unshaped baseband transmission signals. A plurality of window output units (245-n) outputs a plurality of subtraction-based clipping window signals. At least one summing unit (260) then generates the multicarrier communication signal having the reduced crest factor from the plurality of subtraction-based clipping window signals and the plurality of shaped baseband transmission signals.

Abstract: Xylose-containing plant material may be hydrolyzed to xylose using a ?-D-xylosidase which exhibits unexpectedly high activity. The enzyme has a kcat value for catalysis of approximately 185 sec?1 for 1,4-?-D-xylobiose (X2) when measured at a pH of 5.3 and a temperature of 25° C.; this is at least 10-fold greater than reported for other xylosidases at 25° C. and their optimal pH. The enzyme also has an isoelectric point of approximately 4.4. When reacted at a pH between about 4.5 and about 7.7, the ?-D-xylosidase exhibits surprisingly high activity for hydrolyzing xylose-containing plant materials to xylose. The xylose released from plant materials may then be converted to other secondary products such as ethanol by fermentation or other reaction. This ?-D-xylosidase may be used alone or in combination with other hydrolytic or xylanolytic enzymes for treatment of lignocellulosic or hemicellulosic plant materials or plant material hydrolysates or xylooligosaccharides.

Abstract: A flip chip semiconductor packaging device and method that incorporates in situ formation of cavities underneath selected portions of a die during a flip chip die bonding process. A method of flip chip semiconductor component packaging includes providing a die having a first surface, forming a barrier on first surface of the die, the barrier at least partially surrounding a designated location on the first surface of the die, bonding the die to a substrate in a flip chip configuration, and flowing molding compound over the die and over at least a portion of the substrate. Bonding the die to the substrate includes causing contact between the barrier and the substrate such that flow of the molding compound is blocked by the barrier to provide a cavity between the die and the substrate, the cavity being proximate the designated location on the first surface of the die.

Abstract: A switch circuit is disclosed. The switch circuit comprises: a hysteresis buffer, an electric switch, a first discharge resistor, a second discharge resistor, a capacitor, a feedback resistor, a first reciprocal switch, and a second reciprocal switch. When the second reciprocal switch is turned on, a power supply voltage charges the capacitor, and thus the voltage on the signal input terminal of the hysteresis buffer is decreased. Accordingly, the voltage on the signal output terminal of the hysteresis buffer is decreased, so as to turn on the electric switch. When the first reciprocal switch is turned on, the capacitor is discharged, and thus the voltage on the signal input terminal of the hysteresis buffer is increased. Accordingly, the voltage applied to the signal output terminal of the hysteresis buffer is increased, so as to turn off the electric switch.

Abstract: A thermal module includes a base for contacting with a heat-producing element, a radiating fin assembly consisting of a plurality of stacked radiating fins, a heat pipe having an end connected to the base and the other end extended through the radiating fin assembly, and a fan mounted to one side of the radiating fin assembly. Each of the radiating fins includes a flat main body having a first and a second transverse edge, and at least one projected portion provided on at least one of the first and the second transverse edge. Positions on the first and/or the second transverse edge without the projected portion are open portions. The projected portions on two adjacent radiating fins are staggered, so that a plurality of expanded heat dissipating spaces can be formed on the radiating fin assembly to enable smooth flowing of heat-carrying airflows and upgraded heat dissipating efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a multicarrier communication signal having a reduced crest factor enables efficient power amplifier operation. The apparatus includes a plurality of shaping filters (205-n) for outputting a plurality of shaped baseband transmission signals. A plurality of mixers (210-n) then multiplies each signal by one of a plurality of complex carrier signals. A window function generator (235) generates a clipping window signal based on power levels of the unshaped baseband transmission signals. A plurality of window output units (245-n) outputs a plurality of subtraction-based clipping window signals. At least one summing unit (260) then generates the multicarrier communication signal having the reduced crest factor from the plurality of subtraction-based clipping window signals and the plurality of shaped baseband transmission signals.

Abstract: A thermal mechanical process for bonding a flip chip die to a substrate. The flip chip die includes a plurality of copper pillar bumps, each copper pillar bump of the plurality of copper pillar bumps having a copper portion attached to the die and a bonding cap attached to the copper portion. The process includes positioning the die on the substrate such that the bonding cap of each copper pillar bump of the plurality of copper pillar bumps contacts a corresponding respective one of a plurality of bonding pads on the substrate, and thermosonically bonding the die to the substrate.

Abstract: Xylose-containing plant material may be hydrolyzed to xylose using a ?-D-xylosidase which exhibits unexpectedly high activity. The enzyme has a kcat value for catalysis of approximately 185 sec?1 for 1,4-?-D-xylobiose (X2) when measured at a pH of 5.3 and a temperature of 25° C.; this is at least 10-fold greater than reported for other xylosidases at 25° C. and their optimal pH. The enzyme also has an isoelectric point of approximately 4.4. When reacted at a pH between about 4.5 and about 7.7, the ?-D-xylosidase exhibits surprisingly high activity for hydrolyzing xylose-containing plant materials to xylose. The xylose released from plant materials may then be converted to other secondary products such as ethanol by fermentation or other reaction. This ?-D-xylosidase may be used alone or in combination with other hydrolytic or xylanolytic enzymes for treatment of lignocellulosic or hemicellulosic plant materials or plant material hydrolysates or xylooligosaccharides.

Abstract: A thermal mechanical process for bonding a flip chip die to a substrate. The flip chip die includes a plurality of copper pillar bumps, each copper pillar bump of the plurality of copper pillar bumps having a copper portion attached to the die and a bonding cap attached to the copper portion. The process includes positioning the die on the substrate such that the bonding cap of each copper pillar bump of the plurality of copper pillar bumps contacts a corresponding respective one of a plurality of bonding pads on the substrate, and thermosonically bonding the die to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for automatically memorizing a picture orientation is disclosed. In this method, picture data are activated to display a picture image, and then the picture image is rotated by a display angle. After a picture feature based on the picture data is obtained, a feature record comprising the display angle and the picture feature is created. When the picture data are activated again, the feature record is provided, and then the picture image is displayed according to the feature record.

Abstract: A switch circuit is disclosed. The switch circuit comprises: a hysteresis buffer, an electric switch, a first discharge resistor, a second discharge resistor, a capacitor, a feedback resistor, a first reciprocal switch, and a second reciprocal switch. When the second reciprocal switch is turned on, a power supply voltage charges the capacitor, and thus the voltage on the signal input terminal of the hysteresis buffer is decreased. Accordingly, the voltage on the signal output terminal of the hysteresis buffer is decreased, so as to turn on the electric switch. When the first reciprocal switch is turned on, the capacitor is discharged, and thus the voltage on the signal input terminal of the hysteresis buffer is increased. Accordingly, the voltage applied to the signal output terminal of the hysteresis buffer is increased, so as to turn off the electric switch.

Abstract: A label peeling apparatus (100) includes a case (10), a power device (20), a tape driving mechanism (30) and a peeling member (60). The power device is mounted on the case. The tape driving mechanism is mounted on the case and driven by the power device. The tape driving mechanism drives a tape (901/903) attached by labels (902/904) to move. The peeling member is mounted on the case configured for peeling the labels from the tape.

Abstract: An interface transmission structure between modules and its method comprise a central processor installed in an electronic device, a first pin and a second pin installed in the central processor and coupled respectively to a third pin and a fourth pin of at least one module. The central processor is able to receive different voltage amplitudes and to set a plurality of potential levels. The first and second pins respectively output a different output signal to each module according to each potential level, and the output signals are combined into a plurality of command messages, data messages, and status messages.

Abstract: An auxiliary frame for detachably mounting in front of a spectacle frame includes a mounting frame and a retention arrangement. The mounting frame supports two shelter lenses for detachably mounting on a spectacle bridge. The retention arrangement includes two guiding members and two urging members. The two guiding members are rearwardly extended from two inner sides of the shelter lenses respectively and defined a guiding distance between the two guiding members which is smaller than the lens distance of the spectacle frame. The two urging members define an urging distance which is larger than the lens distance of the spectacle frame, such that when the guiding members are extended at the two inner sides of the spectacle lens respectively, the two urging members are adapted for applying an urging force against the two inner sides of the spectacle lens respectively.

Abstract: Described herein are four phenolic acid esterases, three of which correspond to domains of previously unknown function within bacterial xylanases, from XynY and XynZ of Clostridium thermocellum and from a feruloyl esterase of Ruminococcus. The fourth specifically exemplified phenolic acid esterase is a protein encoded within the genome of Orpinomyces PC-2. The amino acids of these polypeptides and nucleotide sequences encoding them are provided. Recombinant host cells, expression vectors and methods for the recombinant production of phenolic acid esterases are also provided. Further provided are methods for improving nutrient availability and ferulic acid availability when food or feed, or other material is treated with a phenolic acid esterase, desirably in combination with a xylanase.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and DNA molecules for the synthesis of heterologous proteins in the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans either intracellularly or with secretion out of the cells using a regulated xylanase promoter and for secreted protein synthesis, a signal sequence. Further described are kits containing host cells for recombinant protein production, a vector containing an XynA transcription regulatory sequence, and instructions for using the vector to transform the host cells.