Abstract: One example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a streaming model for video processing tasks, such as, for example, dense video captioning. Thanks to a memory mechanism, the proposed streaming model does not require access to all input frames concurrently in order to process the video. Moreover, thanks to a new streaming decoding algorithm, the proposed model can produce outputs causally without processing the entire input sequence. The streaming model is inherently suited to processing long videos—as it ingests frames sequentially (e.g., one at a time or in small batches). Moreover, as the output is streamed, intermediate predictions can be produced before processing the full video. This property means that the streaming model can be applied to process live video streams, as required for applications such as video conferencing, security and continuous monitoring among others.

Abstract: Provided are a new task and model for dense video object captioning—detecting, tracking, and captioning trajectories of all objects in a video. This task unifies spatial and temporal understanding of the video, and requires fine-grained language description. Example implementations of the proposed model for dense video object captioning can be trained end-to-end and can include different models for spatial localization, tracking, and captioning. As such, some example implementations of the present disclosure can train the proposed model with a mixture of disjoint tasks, and leverage diverse, large-scale datasets which supervise different parts of an example proposed model. This results in noteworthy zero-shot performance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved soils for use in agriculture and other fields. The improved soils include atmospheric water harvesting networks which more efficiently hydrate the soil, reducing the need for external water inputs in germination and growth stages.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are water harvesting networks. The harvesters allow extraction and collection of moisture from the atmosphere without requiring electrical energy inputs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are water purifying networks. The networks efficiently absorb water and convert solar irradiation to heat, thereby evaporating absorbed water, which can be collected as purified water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are water harvesting networks. The harvesters allow extraction and collection of moisture from the atmosphere without requiring electrical energy inputs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel conductive films exhibiting graduated electrical resistance. The films can be prepared by asymmetrically oxidizing conductive film, thereby increasing electrical resistance along a gradient. The films can advantageously be employed in salt-water energy harvesters.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are water purifying networks. The networks efficiently absorb water and convert solar irradiation to heat, thereby evaporating absorbed water, which can be collected as purified water.