Abstract: A beam of a gantry-type stage structure includes an accommodating space defined by a lower plate, an upper plate, a front plate, a rear plate and two lateral plates. A truss unit is disposed in the accommodating space, and includes lower and upper joint members which are respectively disposed on the lower and upper plates, first and second vertical members which extend uprightly from the lower and upper joint members, respectively, and diagonal members each of which extends to interconnect one lower joint member and an adjacent upper joint member to provide the beam with a great structural strength and a lightweight structure.

Abstract: A beam of a gantry-type stage structure includes an accommodating space defined by a lower plate, an upper plate, a front plate, a rear plate and two lateral plates. A truss unit is disposed in the accommodating space, and includes lower and upper joint members which are respectively disposed on the lower and upper plates, first and second vertical members which extend uprightly from the lower and upper joint members, respectively, and diagonal members each of which extends to interconnect one lower joint member and an adjacent upper joint member to provide the beam with a great structural strength and a lightweight structure.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an extended and lower frame arrangement, a front wheel coupled to the extended and lower frame arrangement via a front wheel extension member to frontwardly extend a distance between the extended and lower frame arrangement and the front wheel, a rear wheel coupled to the extended and lower frame arrangement via a widen hub assembly to rearwardly extend a distance between the extended and lower frame arrangement and the rear wheel, such that the front wheel and the rear wheel are shifted far from the extended and lowered frame arrangement to lengthen a distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel so as to further lower a center of gravity of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an extended and lower frame arrangement, a front wheel coupled to the extended and lower frame arrangement via a front wheel extension member to frontwardly extend a distance between the extended and lower frame arrangement and the front wheel, a rear wheel coupled to the extended and lower frame arrangement via a widen hub assembly to rearwardly extend a distance between the extended and lower frame arrangement and the rear wheel, such that the front wheel and the rear wheel are shifted far from the extended and lowered frame arrangement to lengthen a distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel so as to further lower a center of gravity of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an extended and lower frame arrangement, a front wheel coupled to the extended and lower frame arrangement via a front wheel extension member to frontwardly extend a distance between the extended and lower frame arrangement and the front wheel, a rear wheel coupled to the extended and lower frame arrangement via a widen hub assembly to rearwardly extend a distance between the extended and lower frame arrangement and the rear wheel, such that the front wheel and the rear wheel are shifted far from the extended and lowered frame arrangement to lengthen a distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel so as to further lower a center of gravity of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A rear-wheels transmission and suspension system, adapted for modifying a two wheeled motorcycle into a motorcycle containing two rear wheels, includes a suspension device, a rear axle and a transmission device. The suspension device includes a supporting frame longitudinally extending along the central axis of a construction frame and pivotally connected with a seat portion of the construction frame of the motorcycle for supporting the rear axle at the rear end the supporting frame while defining a transmission cavity after a rear end of the supporting frame and at a central position behind an output of said engine along the central axis of the construction frame. Therefore the transmission device is able to be supported by the rear axle in the transmission cavity to transmit a rotation output from the engine to drive the rear axle to rotate for driving the rear wheels to rotate.

Abstract: A rear-wheels transmission and suspension system, adapted for modifying a two wheeled motorcycle into a motorcycle containing two rear wheels, includes a suspension device, a rear axle and a transmission device. The suspension device includes a supporting frame longitudinally extending along the central axis of a construction frame and pivotally connected with a seat portion of the construction frame of the motorcycle for supporting the rear axle at the rear end the supporting frame while defining a transmission cavity after a rear end of the supporting frame and at a central position behind an output of said engine along the central axis of the construction frame. Therefore the transmission device is able to be supported by the rear axle in the transmission cavity to transmit a rotation output from the engine to drive the rear axle to rotate for driving the rear wheels to rotate.

Abstract: A rear-wheels transmission and suspension system, adapted for modifying a two wheeled motorcycle into a motorcycle containing two rear wheels, includes a suspension device, a rear axle and a transmission device. The suspension device includes a supporting frame longitudinally extending along the central axis of a construction frame and pivotally connected with a seat portion of the construction frame of the motorcycle for supporting the rear axle at the rear end the supporting frame while defining a transmission cavity after a rear end of the supporting frame and at a central position behind an output of said engine along the central axis of the construction frame. Therefore the transmission device is able to be supported by the rear axle in the transmission cavity to transmit a rotation output from the engine to drive the rear axle to rotate for driving the rear wheels to rotate.

Abstract: A rear-wheels transmission and suspension system, adapted for modifying a two wheeled motorcycle into a motorcycle containing two rear wheels, includes a suspension device, a rear axle and a transmission device. The suspension device includes a supporting frame longitudinally extending along the central axis of a construction frame and pivotally connected with a seat portion of the construction frame of the motorcycle for supporting the rear axle at the rear end the supporting frame while defining a transmission cavity after a rear end of the supporting frame and at a central position behind an output of said engine along the central axis of the construction frame. Therefore the transmission device is able to be supported by the rear axle in the transmission cavity to transmit a rotation output from the engine to drive the rear axle to rotate for driving the rear wheels to rotate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a high voltage holding ratio and low viscosity is provided. More particularly, provided is a liquid crystal composition comprising: 10-90% by weight of one or more compounds of Type I having formula: 1-40% by weight of one or more compounds of Type II having formula: 1-50% by weight of one or more compounds of Type III having formula: and 0-40% by weight of one or more compounds of Type IV having formula: wherein in the formulas, Z is a direct bond or ethylene; n=1,2; m=0,1 and n+m >1; R and R? are optionally substituted alkyl groups with from 1-7 carbons in the chain, where the alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched, and the optional substituents are one or more hydrogens can be replaced with one or more F or D atoms, and one or more carbon atoms can be replaced with —O—; and X, Y are selected from the group consisting of: F, H, Cl and trifluoro methyl (—CF3) groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral nonracemic liquid crystal compounds having achiral tails comprising a perfluoroalkyl terminal portion which are useful as components in liquid crystal to impart high polarization to the mixture. The materials of this invention can be combined with known liquid crystal host materials to impart improved properties. Chiral nonracemic compounds of this invention can function as additives or dopants in host materials to impart chirality into an LC material.

Abstract: The invention provides LC compositions that exhibit V-shaped switching when aligned in an analog device configuration and exhibit bistability when aligned in a bookshelf-type device configuration. The invention more specifically provides LC compositions of formula 1 and particularly chiral nonracemic compounds of formula 1 which exhibit bistable switching as well as V-shaped switching when aligned in appropriate device configurations. The invention also provides methods of using the compounds of the invention in making LC compositions and electooptical devices comprising an aligned layer of the compositions of this invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral nonracemic liquid crystal compounds which are useful as components in liquid crystal compositions to impart high polarization to the mixture. The materials of this invention can be combined with liquid crystal host materials to impart improved properties to mixtures. Chiral nonracemic compounds of this invention can function as additives or dopants in host materials to impart chirality into an LC material.

Abstract: Compounds useful as components of LC and FLC compositions which in turn are useful in the manufacture of optical devices. Compounds of this invention have a silane tail, which can contain more than one Si. Compounds of this invention can include those with disilane tails. The invention provides LC compositions containing one or more of the silanes of this invention. Addition of one or more of the compounds of this invention to LC compositions can result in significant improvement in optical or LC properties. In particular, the compounds of this invention can significantly lower the melting point, freezing point or both of an LC composition resulting in significant improvement in device stability.

Abstract: Chiral nonracemic, chiral racemic and achiral compounds useful as component of LC compositions which have a silane tail group which is partially fluorinated. The silane tail group comprises a perfluoroalkyl group. The silane tail group of this invention has the formula: where k is 0 or an integer ranging from 1-10; m and n are integers ranging from 1 to about 20; j is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 20; Z is —O— or a single bond; R1, R1′, R2 and R2′ are alkyl groups or perfluorinated alkyl groups; and RF is a perfluorinated alkyl group. The invention also provides LC compositions comprising one or more compounds of the invention with partially fluorinated silane tails. The invention also provides optical devices, particularly display devices which contain an aligned layer of an LC composition comprising one or more silane compounds of this invention.

Abstract: Liquid crystal materials that exhibit bookshelf structures are provided. When these bookshelf materials are incorporated into a bistable host material, the mixture exhibits a higher switching angle and increased A to C phase transition than bistable hosts without the bookshelf material. These bookshelf materials and bistable compositions are useful in liquid crystal displays, for example.

Abstract: This invention provides LC compositions useful as birefringent materials in electrooptic devices which exhibit zero or low negatively sloped birefringence dispersioon (e.g., exhibiting positive birefringence dispersion significantly lower than that of currently available LC compositions) or more preferably positively sloped birefringence dispersion in which birefringence of the material increases with wavelength. The invention provides compounds useful as components of LC compositions which exhibit negative birefringence where n0 is higher than ne. The compounds of this invention are dimers of LC-like compounds in which the monomers are linked to each other through a high birefringence moiety (dimerization linker). The LC monomers consist of an LC core and one or two tail groups. Preferred monomers for this invention have low birefringence in comparison to the birefringence of the monomer linking moiety.

Abstract: The invention provides LC compositions that exhibit V-shaped switching when aligned in an analog device configuration and exhibit bistability when aligned in a bookshelf-type device configuration. The invention more specifically provides LC compositions of formula 1 and particularly chiral nonracemic compounds of formula 1 which exhibit bistable switching as well as V-shaped switching when aligned in appropriate device configurations. The invention also provides methods of using the compounds of the invention in making LC compositions and electooptical devices comprising an aligned layer of the compositions of this invention.