Abstract: This disclosure provides a data sending method and apparatus, and a device, and pertains to the field of communications technologies. An example method includes: receiving an uplink data packet sent by UE; if a signaling message is carried in the uplink data packet, separating the signaling message from the uplink data packet, where the signaling message is used to request to establish a PDU session or request to activate an established PDU session; forwarding the signaling message to a control plane device; and before an available PDU session exists, forwarding, based on a data forwarding message carried in the uplink data packet sent by the UE, data in the uplink data packet sent by the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method. According to the method, a mark is added to a data packet. After user equipment is handed over from an original device to a target device, and before a user plane network element receives a handover notification, the user plane network element sends, through a path used before handover, a data packet that carries a first mark to the original device. The original device modifies the first mark in the data packet to a second mark, and then forwards, to the target device, a data packet whose mark is modified and that carries the second mark. After receiving the handover notification, the user plane network element sends, to the target device, a data packet that carries a fourth mark. The target device can distinguish between sources of the received data packets based on different marks in the received data packets.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an information verification method, apparatus, and device. The method includes: sending a first message to a server that includes a target domain name and first indication information, which indicates a status of first verification information stored in a client, the first verification information is verification information generated based on multiple domain names and owner information of the multiple domain names, the first verification information verifies the owner information of the multiple domain names, and the multiple domain names include a target domain name; receiving a second message sent by the server based on the first message, where the second message indicates target first verification information, which is used by the client to verify owner information of the target domain name; and verifying the obtained owner information of the target domain name based on the second message.

Abstract: A driving device includes a motor and a control unit for controlling of the motor. The motor includes a motor body and an end cap assembly disposed at one end of the motor body. The motor body comprises a stator, a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, and a motor shaft fixed to and rotated with the rotor. The end cap assembly is provided with two brushes. The control unit includes two connectors for connecting with an external power source. The two brushes are respectively electrically connected to the connectors through the control unit. Lengths of connecting routes of the two brushes to the corresponding connectors are substantially equal to each other.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method. According to the method, a mark is added to a data packet. After user equipment is handed over from an original device to a target device, and before a user plane network element receives a handover notification, the user plane network element sends, through a path used before handover, a data packet that carries a first mark to the original device. The original device modifies the first mark in the data packet to a second mark, and then forwards, to the target device, a data packet whose mark is modified and that carries the second mark. After receiving the handover notification, the user plane network element sends, to the target device, a data packet that carries a fourth mark. The target device can distinguish between sources of the received data packets based on different marks in the received data packets.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method and a communications apparatus. A Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2 HTTP/2 adaptation layer is configured between an application layer and a Multipath Transmission Control Protocol MPTCP layer of a protocol stack. All frames belonging to a same HTTP/2 stream are allocated to a same MPTCP subflow for transmission, so that a data throughput is large, and system robustness is good, thereby improving HTTP/2 stream transmission performance.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for establishing a blockchain node connection, and a device. The method is applied to a blockchain system, and includes: A first node obtains address information of a second node from a first router. The first router and the first node are located in a first autonomous system. The second node is located in a second autonomous system. The first autonomous system and the second autonomous system are neighboring autonomous systems. The first node establishes a connection to the second node based on the address information of the second node. This improves blockchain communication security.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide an IP address management method and apparatus, an IP address anchor, and a mobile node. The method includes: when detecting that a mobile node (MN) accesses an IP subnet on which an IP address anchor is located, obtaining, by the IP address anchor, a valid IP address prefix being used by the MN; and sending, by the IP address anchor, switchover indication information to the MN according to the valid IP address prefix, so that the MN determines, according to the switchover indication information, whether the accessed IP subnet has changed. The present invention resolves a prior-art problem that an MN cannot determine whether an IP subnet accessed by the MN has changed, thereby achieving a technical effect that an MN can accurately determine whether an IP subnet accessed by the MN has changed.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a data sending method and apparatus, and a device, and pertains to the field of communications technologies. An example method includes: receiving an uplink data packet sent by UE; if a signaling message is carried in the uplink data packet, separating the signaling message from the uplink data packet, where the signaling message is used to request to establish a PDU session or request to activate an established PDU session; forwarding the signaling message to a control plane device; and before an available PDU session exists, forwarding, based on a data forwarding message carried in the uplink data packet sent by the UE, data in the uplink data packet sent by the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a service flow processing method, an apparatus, and a device. In the embodiments of the present application, SFs are classified, and a specific instance is not selected for a stateless SF, which can effectively reduce a quantity of SFPs and a quantity of SFP IDs used to uniquely identify the SFPs, reduce signaling overheads required by a controller to configure an SFP for an SFF, and reduce storage space of each SFF for storing configuration information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an address management apparatus, system, and method for communication over the Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MTCP). A processing module allocates a corresponding internet protocol (IP) address to each MPTCP session, where the MPTCP session is an MPTCP session between a first host and a second host, the first host is the host supporting MPTCP, and the second host is the host not supporting MPTCP, and when the MPTCP session is terminated, the processing module releases the corresponding IP address allocated to the MPTCP session. A transceiver module sets up the MPTCP session according to the IP address.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for updating a white space spectrum, an access device and a communication system, where the method performed by the access device includes: acquiring feature information of a white space spectrum, wherein the white space spectrum is currently used by the access device for communicating with a terminal, and the feature information comprises information about a bandwidth and a central frequency of the white space spectrum; sending an update request that comprises the feature information to a spectrum database device; and communicating with the terminal by using the white space spectrum identified by the feature information when a response for the update request from the spectrum database device indicates that the white space spectrum is available. The present invention optimizes a process of updating a white space spectrum.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mobility management method, apparatus, and system. An HA-C sends a first BA message to an MN, where the first BA message includes an address of a first HA-U; and the HA-C sends a configuration message to the first HA-U, where the configuration message includes an HoA and a CoA that are of the MN, so that the first HA-U performs tunnel communication with the MN according to the configuration message. In this way, an original proxy server or an original gateway completes only tunnel communication with the MN, and a newly-added proxy server completes control signaling interaction with a BU, thereby reducing load of the original proxy server or the original gateway, and resolving a prior-art problem that load of a proxy server or a gateway is relatively heavy.

Abstract: A driving device includes a motor and a control unit for controlling of the motor. The motor includes a motor body and an end cap assembly disposed at one end of the motor body. The motor body comprises a stator, a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, and a motor shaft fixed to and rotated with the rotor. The end cap assembly is provided with two brushes. The control unit includes two connectors for connecting with an external power source. The two brushes are respectively electrically connected to the connectors through the control unit. Lengths of connecting routes of the two brushes to the corresponding connectors are substantially equal to each other.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a data security protection method and an apparatus. The method includes: receiving a target message used to carry target data, the target message includes an unencrypted area and an integrity protection encryption area, the unencrypted area is used to carry data that does not need to be encrypted, the data that does not need to be encrypted is data in the target data or data related to the target data, the integrity protection encryption area is used to carry data that needs integrity protection and encryption, and the data that needs integrity protection and encryption is data in the target data; performing service processing on the target message based on the data carried in the unencrypted area in the target message; and sending, by the network side device to the second device, a target message obtained after the service processing.

Abstract: A method for mobility support selection includes determining a mobility class of a first application executing on a device, and determining if a subset of a plurality of available mobility support techniques associated with the entity one of meets and exceeds requirements of the mobility class of the first application. When the subset of the plurality of available mobility support techniques associated with the entity one of meets and exceeds the requirements of the mobility class of the first application, the method comprises selecting a mobility support technique from the subset of the plurality of available mobility support techniques, and sharing information related to the selected mobility support technique with other entities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method and a communications apparatus. A Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2 HTTP/2 adaptation layer is configured between an application layer and a Multipath Transmission Control Protocol MPTCP layer of a protocol stack. All frames belonging to a same HTTP/2 stream are allocated to a same MPTCP subflow for transmission, so that a data throughput is large, and system robustness is good, thereby improving HTTP/2 stream transmission performance.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide an IP address management method and apparatus, an IP address anchor, and a mobile node. The method includes: when detecting that a mobile node (MN) accesses an IP subnet on which an IP address anchor is located, obtaining, by the IP address anchor, a valid IP address prefix being used by the MN; and sending, by the IP address anchor, switchover indication information to the MN according to the valid IP address prefix, so that the MN determines, according to the switchover indication information, whether the accessed IP subnet has changed. The present invention resolves a prior-art problem that an MN cannot determine whether an IP subnet accessed by the MN has changed, thereby achieving a technical effect that an MN can accurately determine whether an IP subnet accessed by the MN has changed.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a system for applying for frequency spectrum are provided. The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and is mainly used in a broadcast multicast service, so as to coordinate multiple access devices to apply for a same band of white frequency spectrum. The method includes: a controller sending first application information to a database (201), the first application information being used for applying for a frequency band of frequency spectrum for at least one access device; the controller receiving the frequency band of the frequency spectrum sent by the database (202); and the controller sending the frequency band of the frequency spectrum to the access device (203).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mobility management method, apparatus, and system. An HA-C sends a first BA message to an MN, where the first BA message includes an address of a first HA-U; and the HA-C sends a configuration message to the first HA-U, where the configuration message includes an HoA and a CoA that are of the MN, so that the first HA-U performs tunnel communication with the MN according to the configuration message. In this way, an original proxy server or an original gateway completes only tunnel communication with the MN, and a newly-added proxy server completes control signaling interaction with a BU, thereby reducing load of the original proxy server or the original gateway, and resolving a prior-art problem that load of a proxy server or a gateway is relatively heavy.