Abstract: The combined color of a color tunable and intensity adjustable light source can be quantitatively described using the chromaticity diagram. With a preset color, or dominant wavelength, and daily light interval, the microprocessor in this plant growing system can compare the calculated chromaticity diagram data from the corresponding sensor with this preset color value and fine tune the combined color until these two are matched. The microprocessor then can control the lighting time according to daily light interval setting. The system can then automatically control the color and photon numbers. The same control method and algorithm can be used in general lighting system as well.

Abstract: A networked lighting system includes a control center and one or more devices controlled by the control center. The control center communicates with the one or more devices using a wired bus-structured communications network. The control center communicates with the devices in a master/slave mode where the devices send signals only in response to messages from the control center. The control center may use packets including device identification information to address individual devices. In order to initialize the network, the devices may have machine-readable identification tags to provide the identification information, the control center being operatively connected to a reader for reading the machine-readable identification tags and sending the identification information to the control center.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting system may include a directional germicidal light source for emitting a beam of germicidal light. The directional germicidal light source can include LEDs mounted to either side of a heat sink connected to a concave mirror. The directional germicidal light may be mounted movably with respect to a structure, which can in turn be movable. The directional germicidal light source may be moved and oriented relative to surfaces to be irradiated using the motion relative to the structure or the motion of the structure. The directional germicidal light source may be moved to scan a surface to smooth out dosage. Dosage may also be controlled using sensors to monitor the dosage applied.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting system uses far-UVC lamps emitting frequencies that do not harm humans, for example 222 nm. The presence of a person is detected using sensors, and the far-UVC lamps are turned on when a person is present and off when no one is present. This may be applied to a person's whole body or, for example, a hand or hands. A far-UVC optical system for a germicidal lighting system may include a wavelength selective mirror arranged to receive far-UVC light from a far-UVC light source and to disproportionately reflect the far-UVC light in at least one wavelength of the far-UVC light relative to at least another wavelength of light emitted by the far-UVC light source. A far-UVC light source may be placed in a reflective enclosure to direct light through an opening. Facial recognition may be used to control the frequency a single person uses the system.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting system uses far-UVC lamps emitting frequencies that do not harm humans, for example 222 nm. The presence of a person is detected using sensors, and the far-UVC lamps are turned on when a person is present and off when no one is present. This may be applied to a person's whole body or, for example, a hand or hands. A far-UVC optical system for a germicidal lighting system may include a wavelength selective mirror arranged to receive far-UVC light from a far-UVC light source and to disproportionately reflect the far-UVC light in at least one wavelength of the far-UVC light relative to at least another wavelength of light emitted by the far-UVC light source. A far-UVC light source may be placed in a reflective enclosure to direct light through an opening. The reflective enclosure or a mirror to which the light is directed may be rotated.

Abstract: An excimer lamp, which includes a first lamp cap, a second lamp cap, a first electrode head, a second electrode head, a conductive heat dissipation rod, a light-transparent annular sleeve, and a conductive annular net. The heat dissipation rod and conductive annular net are respectively connected to the first and second electrode heads to excite an excimer gas in the light-transparent annular sleeve. Inside the excimer lamp the, a large amount of heat can be conducted and dissipated through the conductive heat dissipation rod, and then through the heat dissipation of the first lamp cap or by heat conductive annular rings between sections of the lamp. At the same time, the conductive annular nets can also conduct and dispatch a large amount of above mentioned heat; the heat may be further conducted and dispatched through the second lamp cap or through the heat conductive annular rings, if present.

Abstract: An excimer lamp, which includes a first lamp cap, a second lamp cap, a first electrode head, a second electrode head, a conductive heat dissipation rod, a light-transparent annular sleeve, and a conductive annular net. The heat dissipation rod and conductive annular net are respectively connected to the first and second electrode heads to excite an excimer gas in the light-transparent annular sleeve. Inside the excimer lamp the, a large amount of heat can be conducted and dissipated through the conductive heat dissipation rod, and then through the heat dissipation of the first lamp cap or by heat conductive annular rings between sections of the lamp. At the same time, the conductive annular nets can also conduct and dispatch a large amount of above mentioned heat; the heat may be further conducted and dispatched through the second lamp cap or through the heat conductive annular rings, if present.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting system may include a directional germicidal light source for emitting a beam of germicidal light. The directional germicidal light may be mounted movably with respect to a structure, which can in turn be movable. The directional germicidal light source may be moved and oriented relative to surfaces to be irradiated using the motion relative to the structure or the motion of the structure. The directional germicidal light source may be moved to scan a surface to smooth out dosage. Dosage may also be controlled using sensors to monitor the dosage applied.

Abstract: An LED lighting system is provided for connection to a variable power source providing input power, the LED lighting system having at least one power analyzing and processing circuitry connecting to the variable power source, and being configured to identify one or more characteristics of the input power, where the characteristics are selected from amplitude, frequency and pulse width of the input power, compare one or more of the characteristics of the input power to preset control criteria either in hardware or software or both to yield a comparison result, and then control the current control circuitry according to the comparison result.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal. The signal can be provided intermittently and a carrier wave also provided and modulated at the same time as the signal. When the signal is not being produced, the power on the power line may be power that is allowed to flow without manipulation from an external portion of the power line.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal. The signal can be provided intermittently and a carrier wave also provided and modulated at the same time as the signal. When the signal is not being produced, the power on the power line may be power that is allowed to flow without manipulation from an external portion of the power line.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal. The signal can be provided intermittently and a carrier wave also provided and modulated at the same time as the signal. When the signal is not being produced, the power on the power line may be power that is allowed to flow without manipulation from an external portion of the power line.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal.

Abstract: An LED lighting system is provided for connection to a variable power source providing input power, the LED lighting system having at least one power analyzing and processing circuitry connecting to the variable power source, and being configured to identify one or more characteristics of the input power, where the characteristics are selected from amplitude, frequency and pulse width of the input power, compare one or more of the characteristics of the input power to preset control criteria either in hardware or software or both to yield a comparison result, and then control the current control circuitry according to the comparison result.

Abstract: An LED lighting system is provided for connection to a variable power source providing input power, the LED lighting system having at least one power analyzing and processing circuitry connecting to the variable power source, and being configured to identify one or more characteristics of the input power, where the characteristics are selected from amplitude, frequency and pulse width of the input power, compare one or more of the characteristics of the input power to preset control criteria either in hardware or software or both to yield a comparison result, and then control the current control circuitry according to the comparison result.

Abstract: An LED control system is provided for connection to an LED lighting system via a power line to control the LED lighting system using commands formed by manipulation of frequency and amplitude of a signal transmitted over the power line. The signal may be for example a wave or a sequence of pulses. The signal may be provided in superposition with line power or the line power may be formed as the signal.

Abstract: An LED lighting system is provided for connection to a variable power source providing input power, the LED lighting system having at least one power analyzing and processing circuitry connecting to the variable power source, and being configured to identify one or more characteristics of the input power, where the characteristics are selected from amplitude, frequency and pulse width of the input power, compare one or more of the characteristics of the input power to preset control criteria either in hardware or software or both to yield a comparison result, and then control the current control circuitry according to the comparison result.