Abstract: Some embodiments are related to a method for determining if a subject has an increased likelihood of high grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophagal adenocarcinoma (EC). An exemplary method can include providing a sample from an AFI patch of the subject's esophagus, assaying the sample for (i) aneuploidy, and (ii) abnormal p53, and (iii) abnormal Cyclin A, wherein if the sample shows the presence of at least two of (i), (ii) and (iii), then the subject is determined as having an increased likelihood of high grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophagal adenocarcinoma (EC). The invention also relates to certain methods of medical treatment.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for aiding assessment of the likelihood of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma being present in a subject can include (a) providing an esophagal sample from said subject (b) determining the methylation status of (i) SLC22A18, (ii) PIGR, (iii) GJA12 and (iv) RIN2 in said sample wherein if 2 or more of said genes are methylated then an increased likelihood of presence of dysplasia or esophageal is determined. The invention also relates to apparatus for same.