Abstract: A control system is disclosed for use with a powertrain of a machine. The control system may have a first sensor configured to generate a first signal indicative of an actual speed, a second sensor configured to generate second signal indicative of at least one of a force bearing on the machine and a position of an implement, and an interface device configured to generate a third signal indicative of a desired speed. The control system may also have a controller configured to determine a closed-loop gain value based on a difference between the actual and desired speeds, to classify a current operation of the machine based on the second signal, and to determine an open-loop gain value based on classification of the current operation. The controller may also be configured to control fueling of the machine based on a superposition of the closed-loop gain value and the open-loop gain value.