Abstract: A data transmission control device is provided. The data transmission control device is disposed in a chip that includes a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) interface, and the data transmission control device is coupled to a memory that includes a block. The data transmission control device includes: a control circuit, a PCIe interface controller, and an address monitoring circuit. The PCIe interface controller is configured to receive a data. The address monitoring circuit is configured to issue an interrupt to the control circuit when the data is written to the block.

Abstract: An image processing method is applied to an image processing circuit including a first application circuit and a second application circuit. The image processing circuit is coupled to a memory. The method includes the following steps: reading, by the first application circuit, a first image from the memory; processing, by the first application circuit, the first image to generate a part of a second image and progress information corresponding to the part; storing, by the first application circuit, the part of the second image in the memory; sending, by the first application circuit, the progress information; receiving, by the second application circuit, the progress information; reading, by the second application circuit, the part of the second image from the memory according to the progress information; and processing, by the second application circuit, the part of the second image.

Abstract: An image processing accelerator device includes a memory, a decoder circuit, an event monitor circuit and a filter control circuit. The memory receives a first command corresponding to a task, and a wait event command which follows the first command. The decoder circuit decodes the first command and the wait event command to determine a register to be accessed in an image processing circuit and first data to be written by the first command, and generates an event identifier. The event monitor circuit determines according to the event identifier whether the image processing circuit has finished executing the task, and accordingly controls the image processing circuit to execute a command corresponding to a next task. The filter control circuit records second data previously stored in the register, and writes the first data to the register when the first data is different from the second data.

Abstract: A data protection device includes a memory, a read-only memory and a verification circuit. The read-only memory stores first confidential data, and transmits the first confidential data to the memory after being powered up, wherein the first confidential data includes multiple groups of repetitive data and the groups of repetitive data are the same with one another. The verification data determines whether the first confidential data is valid before a processor reads the first confidential data from the memory, and allows the processor to read the first confidential data from the memory when the first confidential data is valid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a titanium-containing ultra-low-carbon steel, comprising molten iron pretreatment, converter primary smelting, vacuum refining, continuous casting, hot rolling, pickling, and cold rolling. After vacuum refining decarbonization is finished, the content of free oxygen in molten steel is 100-350 ppm; after Al is then added for deoxidation treatment, the circulation time of the molten steel is greater than or equal to 3 min; after other alloys and rare earth elements are then added to the molten steel to adjust the components of the molten steel to the specifications of a finished product, the circulation time of the molten steel is greater than or equal to 2 min; and finally, an oxide Re2O3·Al2O3 is generated in the molten steel, and the vacuum refining is finished.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a memory and is coupled to an external storage device that stores a boot code of the electronic device. An operation method of the electronic device includes the following steps: (A) writing a first segment of the boot code into a memory block of the memory, (B) executing a part of the first segment of the boot code; and (C) executing a target code in the memory block in response to an interrupt.

Abstract: A media access control (MAC) circuit is coupled to a physical layer circuit and includes a storage circuit, a receiving circuit, a checking circuit, and a protection circuit. The storage circuit is configured to store a first value and a second value. The receiving circuit is configured to receive a packet from the physical layer circuit. The checking circuit is configured to check the packet. The protection circuit is configured to perform the following steps: updating the first value according to a clock; and discarding the packet when the absolute difference between the first value and a reference value is smaller than the second value.

Abstract: An electronic device and a control method thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a read-only memory (ROM) that stores a first characteristic value of a public key. The control method includes the following steps: reading the public key and a plurality of boot codes of the electronic device from an external storage device; executing the boot codes; and verifying the public key according to the first characteristic value. The public key is used to verify the boot codes, and the number of bits of the first characteristic value is smaller than the number of bits of the public key. The ROM is disposed on a first chip, and the external storage device is disposed on a second chip.

Abstract: A detection device, an inverter, and a detection method are disclosed. The detection device is configured to detect a leakage current flowing through a conductor. The detection device includes a magnetic core, a detection winding and a calibration winding both wound on the magnetic core, a detection circuit, and a calibration circuit. The detection circuit is coupled to the detection winding, and configured to sample a detection signal of the detection winding to obtain a leakage current detection value. The calibration circuit is coupled to the calibration winding, and configured to provide a calibration signal to the calibration winding.

Abstract: A data transmission control device is provided. The data transmission control device is disposed in a chip that includes a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) interface, and the data transmission control device is coupled to a memory that includes a block. The data transmission control device includes: a control circuit, a PCIe interface controller, and an address monitoring circuit. The PCIe interface controller is configured to receive a data. The address monitoring circuit is configured to issue an interrupt to the control circuit when the data is written to the block.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling a velocity of an autonomous driving vehicle is provided. The method includes steps of: obtaining information of an environment surrounding the vehicle when an obstacle is detected to be on a planning path of the vehicle; obtaining an initial reference velocity profile of the vehicle; determining a safety factor based on the initial reference velocity profile, the information of the environment and information of the vehicle, wherein the safety factor at least comprises a safety distance between the vehicle and the obstacle for the vehicle to follow the obstacle; determining an optimized reference velocity profile based on the information of the environment, the information of the vehicle and the safety factor; and performing the step of determining the safety factor by using the optimized reference velocity profile as the initial reference velocity profile and the step of determining the optimized reference velocity iteratively.

Abstract: A detection device, an inverter, and a detection method are disclosed. The detection device is configured to detect a leakage current flowing through a conductor. The detection device includes a magnetic core, a detection winding and a calibration winding both wound on the magnetic core, a detection circuit, and a calibration circuit. The detection circuit is coupled to the detection winding, and configured to sample a detection signal of the detection winding to obtain a leakage current detection value. The calibration circuit is coupled to the calibration winding, and configured to provide a calibration signal to the calibration winding.

Abstract: Compositions and methods comprising Pulmonary Surfactant (PS)-biomimetic nanoparticles are disclosed. Specifically, the disclosure is related to a composition comprising a nanoparticle with an average size of 200-400 nm, including a plurality of pulmonary surfactant biomimetic molecules, wherein the nanoparticle is negatively charged; and one or more cargo molecules that are enveloped by the nanoparticle, wherein the cargo molecule has a molecular weight up to 1200 Da.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes optical and optoelectronic assemblies that, in some cases, include screen-printed micro-spacers, as well as methods for manufacturing such assemblies and modules. For example, an optoelectronic device mounted on a substrate can include an optical sub-assembly including a first optical element and a first micro-spacer on the optical element. The optical sub-assembly can be disposed over the optoelectronic device, with a first air or vacuum gap separating the first optical element from the optoelectronic device, and the first micro-spacer laterally surrounding the first air or vacuum gap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a construction method of a mode-division multiplexing fiber-optic communication system, which includes following contents: converting multiple-input optical signals into optical propagation modes supported by a graded-index ring-core optical fiber at a transmitting end, after being multiplexed by a mode multiplexer, injecting the optical signals into the graded-index ring-core optical fiber for transmission; using a mode de-multiplexer to separate optical signals of different mode groups at a receiving end firstly; and for the separation of internal modes of the same mode group, adopting a multi-channel reception and a digital signal processing method based on a multiple-input multiple-output equalization for processing: for the separation of modes in a base mode group and a high-order mode group, using a digital signal processing algorithm including a 2×2 multiple-input multiple-output equalization and a digital signal processing algorithm including a 4×4 multiple-input multi

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle using a model predictive controller generating consecutive sets of reference states at a calculation frequency. In one embodiment, the method comprises: receiving a trajectory reference for guiding movement of the vehicle; generating, in a calculation cycle repeated at the calculation frequency, a set of reference states based on an initial state of the vehicle at a start time of the calculation cycle and the trajectory reference; sending the set of reference states to a second controller; detecting, by the second controller at a detection frequency equal to or higher than the calculation frequency, an updated state of the vehicle; generating a vehicle control parameter value based on the updated state of the vehicle and a reference state of the set of reference states; and controlling the vehicle using the vehicle control parameter value.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling a velocity of an autonomous driving vehicle is provided. The method includes steps of: obtaining information of an environment surrounding the vehicle when an obstacle is detected to be on a planning path of the vehicle; obtaining an initial reference velocity profile of the vehicle; determining a safety factor based on the initial reference velocity profile, the information of the environment and information of the vehicle, wherein the safety factor at least comprises a safety distance between the vehicle and the obstacle for the vehicle to follow the obstacle; determining an optimized reference velocity profile based on the information of the environment, the information of the vehicle and the safety factor; and performing the step of determining the safety factor by using the optimized reference velocity profile as the initial reference velocity profile and the step of determining the optimized reference velocity iteratively.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes optical and optoelectronic assemblies that, in some cases, include screen-printed micro-spacers, as well as methods for manufacturing such assemblies and modules. For example, an optoelectronic device mounted on a substrate can include an optical sub-assembly including a first optical element and a first micro-spacer on the optical element. The optical sub-assembly can be disposed over the optoelectronic device, with a first air or vacuum gap separating the first optical element from the optoelectronic device, and the first micro-spacer laterally surrounding the first air or vacuum gap.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes optical and optoelectronic assemblies that, in some cases, include screen-printed micro-spacers, as well as methods for manufacturing such assemblies and modules. For example, micro-spacers can be applied on a first optical element layer, and a second optical element layer can be provided on the first micro-spacers. By providing the second optical element layer on the first micro-spacers, the second optical element layer and the first optical element layer can be separated from one another by air or vacuum gaps each of which is laterally surrounded by a portion of the first micro-spacers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a construction method of a mode-division multiplexing fiber-optic communication system, which includes following contents: converting multiple-input optical signals into optical propagation modes supported by a graded-index ring-core optical fiber at a transmitting end, after being multiplexed by a mode multiplexer, injecting the optical signals into the graded-index ring-core optical fiber for transmission; using a mode de-multiplexer to separate optical signals of different mode groups at a receiving end firstly; and for the separation of internal modes of the same mode group, adopting a multi-channel reception and a digital signal processing method based on a multiple-input multiple-output equalization for processing: for the separation of modes in a base mode group and a high-order mode group, using a digital signal processing algorithm including a 2×2 multiple-input multiple-output equalization and a digital signal processing algorithm including a 4×4 multiple-input multi