Abstract: A scour monitoring system may provide a housing that is separated into multiple segments that are fluidically isolated from each other. The scour monitoring system may be position adjacent to a structure to be monitored for bridge scouring. Each of the segments may provide a water-swellable material positioned near or in contact with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) cable. If water penetrates a segment, the water-swellable material may expand to deform the FBG cable. The wavelength of the FBG cable may be monitored periodically for changes, thereby providing moisture detection when a change in wavelength is detected.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in humans, the apparatus comprising: a housing; stimulation means mounted within the housing for electrically stimulating nerves; an electrode array releasably mounted to the housing and connectable to the stimulation means, the electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes for electrical stimulation of nerves; control means mounted to the housing and electrically connected to the stimulation means for controlling at least one characteristic of the stimulation means; monitoring means mounted to the housing and electrically connected to the stimulation means for monitoring at least one characteristic of the stimulation means; user interface means mounted to the housing and electrically connected to the control means for controlling the stimulation means; display means mounted to the housing and electrically connected to the control means and the monitoring means for displaying the status of the stimulations means; and a strap attached to the h

Abstract: Apparatus for assessing the accuracy of a target stimulation intensity level used in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a user, the apparatus comprising: a calculation unit for calculating a set of expected values of the target stimulation intensity level for a desired sensation based on a profile of the user; a stimulation unit for electrically stimulating at least one nerve of the user at one or more stimulation levels; a discovery unit for enabling the user to indicate a target stimulation intensity level at which the electrical stimulation to the user evokes the desired sensation from the user; and an assessment unit to determine the accuracy of the indicated target stimulation intensity level based on the expected set of values of the target stimulation intensity level for the desired sensation.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy to a user, said apparatus comprising: a housing; an application unit for providing mechanical coupling between the housing and the user's body; a stimulation unit for electrically stimulating at least one nerve of the user; a sensing unit for (i) sensing the user's body movement and body orientation to determine whether the user is in an “out-of-bed” state or a “rest-in-bed” state, and (ii) analyzing the sleep characteristics of the user during the “rest-in-bed” state; and a feedback unit for at least one of (i) providing the user with feedback in response to the analysis of the sleep characteristics of the user, and (ii) modifying the electrical stimulation provided to the user by the stimulation unit in response to the analysis of the sleep characteristics of the user; wherein the sleep characteristics comprise a likelihood measure of the user's sleep quality.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a housing; stimulation means for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; an electrode releasably mounted to the housing and connectable to the stimulation means for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve; monitoring means for monitoring the user's body orientation and movement; analysis means for analyzing said orientation and movement; and control means for controlling the output of the stimulation means in response to said analysis of said orientation and movement.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: stimulation means for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; an electrode array connectable to said stimulation means, said electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve, said electrodes having a pre-formed geometry and known electrode-skin contact area size when in complete contact with the user's skin; monitoring means electrically connected to said stimulation means for monitoring the impedance of the electrical stimulation through said electrode array; and analysis means for analyzing said impedance to estimate a change in the electrode-skin contact area.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: stimulation means for electrically stimulating at least one nerve with at least one stimulation pulse; control means connected to the stimulation means for controlling at least one characteristic of the at least one stimulation pulse; and modulating means connected to the control means for modulating the at least one characteristic of the at least one stimulation pulse according to the time of day.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices which utilize novel stimulation waveforms and novel arrangements of TENS electrodes to improve the efficiency of power consumption while enhancing therapeutic effects.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy to a user, said apparatus comprising: a housing; an application unit for providing mechanical coupling between the housing and the user's body; a stimulation unit for electrically stimulating at least one nerve of the user; a sensing unit for (i) sensing the user's body movement and body orientation to determine whether the user is in an “out-of-bed” state or a “rest-in-bed” state, and (ii) analyzing the sleep characteristics of the user during the “rest-in-bed” state; and a feedback unit for at least one of (i) providing the user with feedback in response to the analysis of the sleep characteristics of the user, and (ii) modifying the electrical stimulation provided to the user by the stimulation unit in response to the analysis of the sleep characteristics of the user; wherein the sleep characteristics comprise a likelihood measure of the user's sleep quality.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy to a user, the apparatus comprising: a stimulation unit for electrically stimulating at least one nerve of the user; an electrode array connectable to the stimulation unit, the electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve of the user; a monitoring unit electrically connected to the stimulation unit for monitoring the on-skin status of the electrode array; an analysis unit for analyzing the on-skin status of the electrode array to determine the effective on-skin time of the electrode array; and a feedback unit for alerting the user when the analysis unit determine that the effective on-skin time exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a housing; stimulation means for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; an electrode releasably mounted to the housing and connectable to the stimulation means for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve; monitoring means for monitoring the user's body orientation and movement; analysis means for analyzing said orientation and movement; and control means for controlling the output of the stimulation means in response to said analysis of said orientation and movement.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a stimulator for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; a stimulator housing; a monitor for monitoring transient motion of the stimulator housing; an analyzer for analyzing transient motion monitored by the monitor for determining whether transient motion of the stimulator housing has occurred; and a controller for automatically transitioning at least one of the stimulator, the monitor, and the analyzer between a standby mode and a power save mode; wherein the power save mode supports a subset of the functionality of the stimulator and the monitor which is available in the standby mode so as to conserve battery power in the power save mode.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: stimulation means for electrically stimulating at least one nerve with at least one stimulation pulse; control means connected to the stimulation means for controlling at least one characteristic of the at least one stimulation pulse; and modulating means connected to the control means for modulating the at least one characteristic of the at least one stimulation pulse according to the time of day.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: stimulation means for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; an electrode array connectable to said stimulation means, said electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve, said electrodes having a pre-formed geometry and known electrode-skin contact area size when in complete contact with the user's skin; monitoring means electrically connected to said stimulation means for monitoring the impedance of the electrical stimulation through said electrode array; and analysis means for analyzing said impedance to estimate a change in the electrode-skin contact area.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a stimulator for electrically stimulating at least one nerve with at least one stimulation pulse; a controller connected to the stimulator for controlling at least one characteristic of the at least one stimulation pulse; an analyzer for identifying the current and future presence of pain-altering patterns based on weather and/or environmental factors; and a processor connected to the analyzer and the controller for modulating the at least one characteristic of the at least one stimulation pulse according to the pain-altering patterns identified by the analyzer.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a housing; stimulation means carried by the housing for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; a pair of electrodes releasably mounted to the housing and connectable to the stimulation means for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve; monitoring means for monitoring user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion; analysis means for analyzing the output of the monitoring means for determining user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion; and control means for controlling the output of the stimulation means in response to the determined user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices which utilize novel stimulation waveforms and novel arrangements of TENS electrodes to improve the efficiency of power consumption while enhancing therapeutic effects.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a stimulation unit for electrically stimulating at least one nerve using electrical pulses; an electrode assembly connectable to the stimulation unit, the electrode assembly comprising a sensing unit, a storage unit, and a communications unit; and a control unit connected to the stimulation unit and the communications unit, the control unit being configured for controlling operation of the stimulation unit based on information from the electrode assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and methods for stimulating living tissues to determine nerve conduction properties using a pair of stimulator probes and a plurality of detection electrodes. The invention overcomes the problem of reporting potentially inaccurate nerve conduction results by detecting a stimulator probe short or shunt condition during nerve conduction tests. Detection of a short or shunt condition between two stimulator probes is accomplished by monitoring the magnitude of the stimulus artifact waveform acquired from the detection electrodes and the voltage difference between the stimulator probes. A test is flagged when magnitude of the stimulus artifact waveform is below a first threshold and voltage difference between the two stimulator probes is below a second threshold. The first and second threshold values are determined based on the known spatial relationship between the stimulator probes and detection electrodes. Feedback is provided to the tester to alert defective test conditions.

Abstract: Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a housing; stimulation means carried by the housing for electrically stimulating at least one nerve; a pair of electrodes releasably mounted to the housing and connectable to the stimulation means for electrical stimulation of the at least one nerve; monitoring means for monitoring user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion; analysis means for analyzing the output of the monitoring means for determining user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion; and control means for controlling the output of the stimulation means in response to the determined user gesture, electrode-skin contact integrity and transient motion.