Abstract: In a method for adjusting the voltage potential or pH of, or cause proton release from, cells, subcellular regions, or extracellular regions, a gene encoding for a light-driven proton pump is incorporated into at least one target cell or region, the proton pump operating in response to a specific wavelength of light. Expression of the gene is caused by exposing the target cell or region to the specific wavelength of light in a manner designed to cause the voltage potential adjustment, pH adjustment, or proton release. The proton pump may be a microbial rhodopsin, in particular derived from the halorubrum genus of archaeabacteria, or be derived from leptosphaeria maculans, P. triticirepentis, and S. scelorotorium. The voltage potential of the target cell or region may adjusted until it is hyperpolarized in order to achieve neural silencing. Light-activated proton pumps responsive to different wavelengths of light may be used together to achieve multi-color neural silencing.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present invention is a process for making calcium phosphate bodies comprising amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite or calcium triphosphate, the bodies themselves and the use of such bodies in any of a variety of applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a microporous material which comprises a positively charged framework and can be utilized as an anion exchange material, typically in the treatment of waste materials in effluent streams, for example in the nuclear power industry. The microporous material facilitates the removal of undesirable anion species from solutions. One embodiment can include a silicophosphate comprising tetrahedra of PO4+ and SiO4. A method for the synthesis of a silicophosphate using a two-phase system which includes an organic phase comprising an organosilicon compound and an aqueous phase comprising a phosphoric acid is also provided.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present invention is a process for making calcium phosphate bodies comprising amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite or calcium triphosphate, the bodies themselves and the use of such bodies in any of a variety of applications.