Abstract: The present invention provides a high-efficient magnesium ion removal system for salt lake brine based on in situ alkali production using bipolar membrane electrochemical process, it is constructed with cathode, cathode cell, anode, anode cell, and anion exchange membranes, bipolar membranes, acid cells, alkali cells, mesh materials for precipitate aggregation, acid-washing cells.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of alkaline polymer electrolyte membranes, and relates to a comb-shaped structure polybenzimidazole anion exchange membrane with high conductivity and preparation method thereof. In the invention, firstly, polybenzimidazole is grafted with the non-cationic side chains to the max grafting rate to synthesize the de-protonated comb-shaped polybenzimidazole material, avoiding the N—H in benzimidazole forms ionic binding with cationic functional groups, which will reduce the reactivity and mobility of cationic groups; then react de-protonated comb-shaped polybenzimidazole with quaternization reagent to attach the pendent side chain with cationic functional groups, making it easy to aggregate to form ion clusters and hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation. The anion exchange membrane prepared in this invention has excellent conductivity, mechanical properties and alkaline stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell, comprising an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; a gas-liquid separation chamber is arranged in the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber; the gas-liquid separation chamber is partially located inside the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber; a first portion of the gas-liquid separation chamber, which is configured to accommodate liquid, is arranged inside the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber; and a second portion of the gas-liquid separation chamber, which is configured to accommodate gas, is disposed outside of the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber. The ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell is provided with the gas-liquid separation chamber partially located inside the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber, thereby improving the yield of the ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell. On the other hand, the products of electrolysis can be drained rapidly.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell, comprising an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; a gas-liquid separation chamber is arranged in the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber; the gas-liquid separation chamber is partially located inside the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber; a first portion of the gas-liquid separation chamber, which is configured to accommodate liquid, is arranged inside the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber; and a second portion of the gas-liquid separation chamber, which is configured to accommodate gas, is disposed outside of the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber. The ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell is provided with the gas-liquid separation chamber partially located inside the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber, thereby improving the yield of the ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell. On the other hand, the products of electrolysis can be drained rapidly.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: An optical device is configured to perform both switching and attenuation of an optical beam in response to a single control signal. The optical device includes a liquid-crystal-based beam-polarizing element having polarization-conditioning regions that are controlled using a common electrode. The first polarization-conditioning region conditions the polarization of the input beam in order to separate the input beam into a primary component and a residual component. The second and third polarization-conditioning regions change the polarization of the primary component and the residual component, respectively. The primary component is directed to an output port after it has been attenuated based on its polarization state. The residual component, after passing through the third polarization-conditioning region, has its intensity further reduced based on its polarization state.

Abstract: An optical device for a wavelength division multiplexing system has a telecentric lens system and a signal-processing optical element, where the signal-processing optical element performs switching, attenuation, or other optical signal processing for the optical device. The telecentric lens system acts as a self-compensating optical system to minimize sensitivity of the optical device to unwanted displacement of an input image from the optical axis of the optical device. The optical device may include multiple telecentric lens systems, in which case the optical device is also less sensitive to precise alignment between the telecentric lens systems.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: A fiber lens assembly is configured to optically couple an optical fiber to a signal processing device having free-space optical elements. The fiber lens assembly includes a diverging lens having a focal length that may be around 2 to 6 times the diameter of the optical fiber core. Sensitivity of the fiber lens assembly to angular misalignment and positional displacement is reduced by coupling the optical fiber to the signal processing device using a diverging lens rather than a collimating lens, and by configuring the diverging lens with a suitable focal length.

Abstract: An optical switch with a compact form factor includes a multiple-fiber collimator and an angle tuning element for deflecting an optical beam from an input fiber into one of at least two output fibers. The angle tuning element may be provided between a pair of coaxially-aligned collimators, one of which is the multiple-fiber collimator. Alternatively, the angle tuning element may be provided between the multiple-fiber collimator and a reflective surface, so that only one collimator is required and the optical switch may be designed to have its input and output ports on the same side.

Abstract: An optical device is configured to perform both switching and attenuation of an optical beam in response to a single control signal. The optical device includes a liquid-crystal-based beam-polarizing element having polarization-conditioning regions that are controlled using a common electrode. The first polarization-conditioning region conditions the polarization of the input beam in order to separate the input beam into a primary component and a residual component. The second and third polarization-conditioning regions change the polarization of the primary component and the residual component, respectively. The primary component is directed to an output port after it has been attenuated based on its polarization state. The residual component, after passing through the third polarization-conditioning region, has its intensity further reduced based on its polarization state.

Abstract: A group delay compensation equalizer is disclosed that employs a single channel four-port WDM device for compensating the group delay experienced by a plurality of wavelengths transmitted over different paths. The transmission differential between two wavelengths is compensated by transmitting the two wavelengths through two different paths where the fiber length in reflecting the second wavelength is equal to the transmission time difference between the two wavelengths. The single channel four-port group delay equalizer effectively provides a unidirectional signal flow, as compared to the conventional equalizer that transmits optical signals bi-directionally. The present invention reduces the cost of a group delay equalizer by simplifying the use of multiple three-port WDM devices into a single channel four-port WDM device.

Abstract: A reconfigurable thin film based dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) device is described for hitless switching of wavelengths by employing a reconfigurable filtering device. The reconfigurable filtering device is based on a mechanical switching of a filtering chip which has a thin film coated a first one-half of a first face for interference wavelength filtering and has a gold-mirror coated on a second one-half of the first face for high reflection.

Abstract: A fiber lens assembly is configured to optically couple an optical fiber to a signal processing device having free-space optical elements. The fiber lens assembly includes a diverging lens having a focal length that may be around 2 to 6 times the diameter of the optical fiber core. Sensitivity of the fiber lens assembly to angular misalignment and positional displacement is reduced by coupling the optical fiber to the signal processing device using a diverging lens rather than a collimating lens, and by configuring the diverging lens with a suitable focal length.

Abstract: An optical device for a wavelength division multiplexing system has a telecentric lens system and a signal-processing optical element, where the signal-processing optical element performs switching, attenuation, or other optical signal processing for the optical device. The telecentric lens system acts as a self-compensating optical system to minimize sensitivity of the optical device to unwanted displacement of an input image from the optical axis of the optical device. The optical device may include multiple telecentric lens systems, in which case the optical device is also less sensitive to precise alignment between the telecentric lens systems.

Abstract: An optical switching device for wavelength divisional multiplexed signals uses cascaded arrays of optical steering devices for 1×N routing of WDM optical signals, where N=4, 8, 16, etc. Two cascaded arrays provide 1×4 switching; three cascaded arrays provide 1×8 switching; and so on. Each array is configured with independently controlled optical steering devices so that each wavelength channel of the WDM signal may be routed to any of N output ports. The optical steering devices may be micro-mirrors, liquid crystal-based polarization modulators, or a combination of both. By incorporating cascaded optical steering devices into a single WDM switching device, cost effective 1×N switching of WDM optical signals may be realized.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.