Abstract: A perception and control system of an autonomous snowfield-roaming robot and an operation and path planning method thereof are provided. The perception system is configured to perceive the robot’s own state and an extreme snow environment where the robot is located; the control system is configured to realize an autonomous navigation movement and obstacle avoidance of the robot for stability and reliability of robot roaming, wherein the robot uses energy reasonably based on a wind farm environment so as to achieve navigation with sail assistance finally; the execution mechanism is configured to execute control instructions and an operation task issued by the control system so as to realize snowfield roaming; and the remote monitoring module is configured to monitor state information of the robot, and to issue the operation task and target path to the control system for operation and global path planning.