Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the maximum bit rate for a bearer used for data transmission over a packet-switched network using a specified access point for a group of mobile entities. A PDN gateway enforces the maximum bit rate for the group, the APN group AMBR. This is possible as all mobile entities belonging to said group are connected to the same PDN gateway for a certain access point name APN. This is obtained by providing a PDN gateway information into an update location acknowledgement message sent from the HSS to the MME.

Abstract: Method and network nodes for adapting policy control function, wherein a load of a first network entity on which a policy execution function like a policy and charging enforcement function (PCEF) or a bearer binding and event reporting function (BBERF) is located is monitored (S4) and policy decisions are adapted based on said load. Particularly, the load may be reported to (N) or determined by a second network entity on which a policy supervision function like a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) is located, and said second network entity adapts policy decisions based on said load. When making policy decisions, the load status of a network entity like a gateway may thus be taken into account in addition to other factors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for handover of a mobile terminal from a first network to a second network, a network element, a mobile terminal, a base station and a communications system as well as a computer program product and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of: determining a WDP including an unnecessary handover probability and a missing handover probability according to conditions of the first network and the second network; detecting at least of the following: whether the unnecessary handover probability is greater than the missing handover probability, whether the unnecessary handover probability is greater than a specific threshold and whether the missing handover probability is smaller than a specific threshold; and making a handover decision based on the detection result. The present invention can select a more suitable target network for handover at a more suitable time, thus ensuring the continuity of a mobile user's call.

Abstract: The present invention improves performance of a flask used for microorganism, cell and tissue culture. The flask is composed of culture chamber, a wide oblong opening and a closure unit. The wide oblong opening eliminates the bottle neck restriction of conventional flasks and gives easy access to the culture chamber. The closure unit is constructed with a snap-on closure, a base and springs, which interconnect the closure and the main body of flask through the base. The springs function to maintain the closure at the opening position to facilitate culture operation. The problem of the screw-on closure that requires to be hold in a operator's hand is solved.