Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate and a synthesis method for a cyclic carbonate. The present disclosure provides a novel catalyst of a hydroxy quaternary phosphonium salt structure, wherein a specific type of substituent is selected, such that the catalytic effect of the catalyst is significantly improved, and meanwhile, the catalyst has superior stability. For the cyclic carbonate synthesized by using the catalyst of the present disclosure, the selectivity of the product is as high as 99.8%, and the yield is as high as 99%; the catalyst can still maintain a relatively high yield and relatively good stability after being repeatedly used.

Abstract: The present application provides methods of treating PI3K? related disorders using pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives.

Abstract: A method for screening tobacco resistance against root-knot nematode based on intensive seedling production is provided. The method has two biological properties: inducing and stimulating the hatching of nematode eggs by host root exudates, and easily infecting the root cap elongation zone by hatched second-instar larvae. The second-instar larvae hatched by the root-knot nematode eggs are continuously inoculated. After that, under cultivating the infected tobacco seedlings in shallow water infiltrating and humidifying substrate, the created temperature, humidity and air permeability conditions are suitable for disease induction. After disease investigation, disease index is calculated, and the resistance of tested cultivars is evaluated according to the disease index. The method features simple operation, high selection efficiency, and high accuracy and reproducibility.

Abstract: Embodiments of immunogens based on the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 and methods of their use and production are disclosed. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the immunogens are also provided. In several embodiments, the immunogens can be used to prime an immune response to gp120 in a subject, for example, to treat or prevent an HIV-1 infection in the subject.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-objective path planning method for an intelligent public transport system, includes: generating a shortest path network topology for connecting bus stops by analyzing a traffic network topology and bus drivable paths; dynamically and evenly allocate bus routes according to passenger waiting periods, road lengths, and the shortest path network topology, to thereby allocate different routes for different buses; and determining an optimal bus route configuration according to average passenger travel distances, passenger experience, and the bus routes. The method can minimize a passenger waiting period while ensuring a high passenger load rate, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the public transport system and the travel experience of passengers.

Abstract: Embodiments of immunogens based on the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 and methods of their use and production are disclosed. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the immunogens are also provided. In several embodiments, the immunogens can be used to prime an immune response to gp120 in a subject, for example, to treat or prevent an HIV-1 infection in the subject.

Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising one or more compounds A represented by structure 1, wherein R1 is independently selected from a halogen atom or a group containing 1-5 carbon atoms, and R2 is independently selected from a group containing 0-5 carbon atoms; X1 is independently selected from a phosphorus oxygen group or a phosphorus atom; X2 is independently selected from an oxygen atom, a carboxylate group, a sulfonate group or a carbonate group. The non-aqueous electrolyte can improve the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery and reduce the impedance. The lithium ion battery prepared with the non-aqueous electrolyte possesses good high-temperature resistant properties and good cycle performance, which can effectively avoid the instability of the lithium ion battery under high temperature conditions and improve the high and low temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.

Abstract: An efficient anti-bacterial hydroxy acid ester oligomer of the present invention has a general structural formula (I). Starting from the design of molecular structure, the present invention rationally designs the end group and chain length structure of the substance of formula (I), and controls its clogP value, so that the substance of formula (I) of the present invention reaches an appropriate size, which maximizes the ability of the substance of formula (I) to penetrate into the bacteria and destroy the bacterial cell membrane, thereby achieving high anti-bacterial efficiency. By precisely designing the molecular structure, the present invention regulates the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the hydroxy acid ester oligomer to obtain a bio-based anti-bacterial agent with controllable water solubility.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a beverage or food brewing method and a beverage or food brewing machine. The beverage or food brewing method includes following steps: actuating a beverage or food brewing machine to produce powder through a grinding device and to output the powder to a powder holder; when the powder in the powder holder reaches a set amount, obtaining a first grinding time value T11 of the beverage or food brewing machine; according to the first grinding time value T11, obtaining a prolonged grinding time value T12 corresponding to the first grinding time value T11; making the grinding device continue operating for a period of time determined by the prolonged grinding time value T12 and outputting the powder from the grinding device to the powder holder.

Abstract: A constructing method of a genomic scar model comprises: (1) collecting known BRCAness positive samples and known BRCAness negative samples to form a training set; (2) analyzing copy number variation (CNV) in the training set to determine types and corresponding quantities of CNV; (3) determining BRCAness positive events and BRCAness negative events; (4) training to obtain weights of different types of the CNV determined in the step 2 through a machine learning method according to the BRCAness positive events and the BRCAness negative events in the training set, and then totalizing the weights of the different types of the CNV to obtain the genomic scar model for calculating genomic scar score (GSS).

Abstract: A method for identifying converters from tobacco seedling population. The method includes: 1) sowing and cultivating tobacco seeds to be identified for 45-55 days; sampling a plurality of leaf disks from each of 45-55 days old seedlings; 2) incubating the plurality of leaf disks of each seedling in a sealed container at 37° C. for 10-12 hours, thereby obtaining a plurality of incubated tobacco leaves of each seedling; 3) immersing the plurality of incubated tobacco leaves of each seedling in an extractant, extracting alkaloids and obtaining an extract of each seedling; 4) analyzing the amounts of nicotine and nornicotine in the alkaloids extract of each seedling; and 5) automatically recognizing peaks of the alkaloids extract of each seedling, and calculating the percent nicotine conversion (PNC) and the pseudo percent nicotine conversion (PPNC).

Abstract: A tobacco arsenic transport gene NtNIP7-1 and a cloning method and application thereof are disclosed. A nucleotide sequence of the tobacco arsenic transport gene NtNIP7-1 is shown as SEQ ID: No. 1, and an encoded amino acid sequence thereof is shown as SEQ ID: No. 2. The cloning method of the tobacco arsenic transport gene NtNIP7-1 includes (S1) extracting RNA in tobacco, performing reverse transcription, and obtaining a first-strand cDNA; and (S2) taking the first-strand cDNA obtained by the reverse transcription as a template, synthesizing a specific primer according to sequences of the NtNIP7-1 gene, performing PCR amplification, recovering and purifying a product of the PCR amplification, and sequencing. In the present invention, inhibition of the expression of the tobacco endogenous gene NtNIP7-1 in tobacco plants is able to significantly reduce the arsenic content of tobacco leaves, and has broad application prospects in the field of low arsenic content breeding.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of screening tobacco germplasm for resistance to Alternaria alternata by ripening seedling leaves. The method includes ripening seedling leaves, spray inoculation, disease induction, and evaluation of disease resistance. Dense planting, fertilizer control, and potassium increment were used to forcibly ripening seedling leaves. A hospitable environment was simulated to induce disease in the ripened leaves. These treatments reduce differences in leaf maturity and avoid environmental changes. The technique of the disclosure provides greater accuracy and repeatability than the current technique of screening brown spot resistance, and offers the advantages of simple operation, reduced cost, space requirement, and labor intensity, high selection efficiency, and an accurate screening of tobacco phenotypes with resistance to brown spot, etc., used for large-scale screening of tobacco varieties with resistance to brown spot.

Abstract: Embodiments of immunogens based on the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 and methods of their use and production are disclosed. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the immunogens are also provided. In several embodiments, the immunogens can be used to prime an immune response to gp120 in a subject, for example, to treat or prevent an HIV-1 infection in the subject.

Abstract: An efficient anti-bacterial hydroxy acid ester oligomer of the present invention has a general structural formula (I). Starting from the design of molecular structure, the present invention rationally designs the end group and chain length structure of the substance of formula (I), and controls its clogP value, so that the substance of formula (I) of the present invention reaches an appropriate size, which maximizes the ability of the substance of formula (I) to penetrate into the bacteria and destroy the bacterial cell membrane, thereby achieving high anti-bacterial efficiency. By precisely designing the molecular structure, the present invention regulates the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the hydroxy acid ester oligomer to obtain a bio-based anti-bacterial agent with controllable water solubility.

Abstract: Embodiments of immunogens based on the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120 and methods of their use and production are disclosed. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the immunogens are also provided. In several embodiments, the immunogens can be used to prime an immune response to gp120 in a subject, for example, to treat or prevent an HIV-1 infection in the subject.

Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising one or more compounds A represented by structure 1, wherein R1 is independently selected from a halogen atom or a group containing 1-5 carbon atoms, and R2 is independently selected from a group containing 0-5 carbon atoms; X1 is independently selected from a phosphorus oxygen group or a phosphorus atom; X2 is independently selected from an oxygen atom, a carboxylate group, a sulfonate group or a carbonate group. The non-aqueous electrolyte can improve the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery and reduce the impedance. The lithium ion battery prepared with the non-aqueous electrolyte possesses good high-temperature resistant properties and good cycle performance, which can effectively avoid the instability of the lithium ion battery under high temperature conditions and improve the high and low temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A method for identifying converters from tobacco seedling population. The method includes: 1) sowing and cultivating tobacco seeds to be identified for 45-55 days; sampling a plurality of leaf disks from each of 45-55 days old seedlings; 2) incubating the plurality of leaf disks of each seedling in a sealed container at 37° C. for 10-12 hours, thereby obtaining a plurality of incubated tobacco leaves of each seedling; 3) immersing the plurality of incubated tobacco leaves of each seedling in an extractant, extracting alkaloids and obtaining an extract of each seedling; 4) analyzing the amounts of nicotine and nornicotine in the alkaloids extract of each seedling; and 5) automatically recognizing peaks of the alkaloids extract of each seedling, and calculating the percent nicotine conversion (PNC) and the pseudo percent nicotine conversion (PPNC).

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of screening tobacco germplasm for resistance to Alternaria alternata by ripening seedling leaves. The method includes ripening seedling leaves, spray inoculation, disease induction, and evaluation of disease resistance. Dense planting, fertilizer control, and potassium increment were used to forcibly ripening seedling leaves. A hospitable environment was simulated to induce disease in the ripened leaves. These treatments reduce differences in leaf maturity and avoid environmental changes. The technique of the disclosure provides greater accuracy and repeatability than the current technique of screening brown spot resistance, and offers the advantages of simple operation, reduced cost, space requirement, and labor intensity, high selection efficiency, and an accurate screening of tobacco phenotypes with resistance to brown spot, etc., used for large-scale screening of tobacco varieties with resistance to brown spot.