Abstract: An apparatus, method, and device for encapsulating heterogeneous functional equivalents are disclosed. The apparatus includes a redundancy controller, an input proxy, and an output proxy. In this application, a plurality of heterogeneous functional equivalents are encapsulated by an input proxy and an output proxy, so that the apparatus can support adaptation, normalization and dis-cooperation to cut a communication link employed by an attacker, such that it is difficult for the attacker to sniff and exploit unknown defects or backdoors, and a success rate of the attacker attacking an information system is reduced.

Abstract: A apparatus, method, and device for encapsulating heterogeneous functional equivalents are disclosed. The apparatus includes a redundancy controller, an input proxy, and an output proxy. The redundancy controller is configured to generate a proxy policy based on a control parameter. The input proxy is configured to receive an external service request and the proxy policy, establish communication connections to selected heterogeneous functional equivalents, and perform dis-cooperation on a control relationship between the heterogeneous functional equivalents, and allocate the external service request to the heterogeneous functional equivalents. The output proxy is configured to receive the proxy policy and outputs of the heterogeneous functional equivalents, select a target service response based on a normalization policy and output the target service response to outside, and perform dis-cooperation on the target service response.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to internet technology and more specifically to managing Top-level domain (TLD) name based on blockchain. An example method of managing Top-level domain name comprises the following steps: A. Using TLD nodes to form alliance network in the blockchain; B. Layering the system architecture in the alliance network to separate operations and data; and C. Reaching consensus among all nodes in the alliance network through consensus mechanism. A more effective and efficient consensus mechanism will increase the safety and reliability of the system and improve the efficiency of the system. Layering the system structure will ensure the efficiency and portability of the system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to internet technology and more specifically to managing Top-level domain (TLD) name based on blockchain. An example method of managing Top-level domain name comprises the following steps: A. Using TLD nodes to form alliance network in the blockchain; B. Layering the system architecture in the alliance network to separate operations and data; and C. Reaching consensus among all nodes in the alliance network through consensus mechanism. A more effective and efficient consensus mechanism will increase the safety and reliability of the system and improve the efficiency of the system. Layering the system structure will ensure the efficiency and portability of the system.