Abstract: A method for forwarding a packet is provided. In the method: a first packet is received that includes first indication information, payload data, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a data flow corresponding to the first packet. When a first network device determines that the first packet includes the first indication information, the first network device generates a plurality of second packets based on the first packet. Each of the plurality of second packets includes the payload data, the packet sequence number, and second indication information. The first network device separately forwards the plurality of second packets to a second network device over different forwarding paths.

Abstract: This application provides a packet transmission method, apparatus, and device. For example, the method is performed by an ingress node. The ingress node obtains a second packet by using first node information carried in a first packet, where the first node information includes a first bit string indicating N next-hop devices of the ingress node and first reference information used for indexing second node information corresponding to a first intermediate node in the N next-hop devices, and the second packet includes a first identifier determined based on the first reference information. The ingress node sends the second packet to the first intermediate node. Because structures of the first bit string and the first reference information are used, a packet encoding manner is simple, so that packet transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A method for forwarding a packet, and a network device are provided. Under the method: a first packet can be received. The first packet includes first indication information, payload data, and a packet sequence number of the first packet in a data flow corresponding to the first packet. When the first network device determines that the first packet includes the first indication information, a plurality of second packets can be generated based on the first packet. Each of the plurality of second packets includes the payload data, the packet sequence number, and second indication information; and separately forwarding, the plurality of second packets to a second network device over different forwarding paths in a plurality of forwarding paths.

Abstract: This application provides a packet verification method, and the method includes: A first network device receives a BIER packet, where packet header information of the BIER packet includes a first keyed-hash message authentication code HMAC, and the first HMAC is used to verify whether the BIER packet is a valid BIER packet; determines a second HMAC based on a first key and first information in the packet header information, where the first information is used to indicate forwarding information of the BIER packet; determines whether the first HMAC is the same as the second HMAC; and when determining that the first HMAC is different from the second HMAC, determines that the BIER packet is an invalid BIER packet.

Abstract: A controller obtains a forwarding latency requirement of a service flow and a destination address of the service flow, and determines a forwarding path that meets the forwarding latency requirement. The controller determines that an ingress node forwards a first cycle time number of a packet and an intermediate node forwards a second cycle time number of the packet, and separately determines a corresponding adjacent segment identifier. A label stack generated by the controller includes the adjacent segment identifier and the adjacent segment identifier. The controller sends the label stack to the ingress node, to trigger the ingress node to forward the packet within a period of time corresponding to the first cycle time number. The controller determines the forwarding path based on the forwarding latency requirement of the service flow, and generates a label stack corresponding to a forwarding time point.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a packet forwarding method, a packet processing method, and a device, to determine a network slice that corresponds to a packet and that is of a transport network. The packet forwarding method includes the following steps: A first device obtains a first packet. The first device is a network device in an access network or in a mobile core network. The first device determines network slice mapping information based on the first packet. The first device generates a second packet based on the first packet. The second packet includes the network slice mapping information. The first device sends the second packet to a second device. The second device is a network device in a transport network.

Abstract: A multicast communication method is applied to a software-defined wide area network SD-WAN. In the multicast communication method, a bit index explicit replication (Bit Index Explicit Replication, BIER) capability is deployed on a site device in the SD-WAN, a site device through which a multicast packet needs to pass is indicated by a bit index explicit replication IPv6 encapsulation (Bit Index Explicit Replication IPv6 encapsulation, BIERv6) header in the multicast packet, and a multicast distribution tree does not need to be constructed. In addition, the multicast packet is forwarded through an SD-WAN tunnel between site devices, and an intermediate node does not need to sense a multicast service. In this way, a network device has a small quantity of multicast entries and the multicast entries are converged quickly, ensuring normal running of the multicast service.

Abstract: A packet transmission method, apparatus, device, and system, and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: A first device obtains a first packet, and determines node information of a second device and node information of a third device from a node information list of the first packet by using a first part included in a destination address field of the first packet. The first device generates, based on the first packet, a second packet including the node information of the second device and a third packet including the node information of the third device. The first device sends the second packet to the second device, and sends the third packet to the third device.

Abstract: A first network device receives a BIER packet sent by a second network device. The BIER packet includes a data packet and a global VPN identifier, the global VPN identifier is for uniquely identifying, in a BIER domain, a VPN to which a source device of the data packet belongs, the global VPN identifier includes an identifier of the second network device and a first identifier, and the first identifier is for identifying, on the second network device, the VPN to which the source device of the data packet belongs. The first network device determines, based on the global VPN identifier, a first VPN corresponding to the global VPN identifier. The first network device sends the data packet to the destination device of the data packet corresponding to the first VPN.

Abstract: A first network device receives a BIER packet sent by a second network device, where the BIER packet includes an IPv6 header, a BIER header, and a multicast packet, a destination address of the IPv6 header or a first field of the BIER header carries a service identifier, and the service identifier identifies a virtual private network VPN instance. The first network device determines a VRF table based on the service identifier and a first correspondence, where the first correspondence includes a correspondence between the service identifier and the VRF table. The first network device sends the multicast packet to a first CE device in the VRF table based on the VRF table.

Abstract: A controller obtains a forwarding latency requirement of a service flow and a destination address of the service flow, and determines a forwarding path that meets the forwarding latency requirement. The controller determines that an ingress node forwards a first cycle time number of a packet and an intermediate node forwards a second cycle time number of the packet, and separately determines a corresponding adjacent segment identifier. A label stack generated by the controller includes the adjacent segment identifier and the adjacent segment identifier. The controller sends the label stack to the ingress node, to trigger the ingress node to forward the packet within a period of time corresponding to the first cycle time number. The controller determines the forwarding path based on the forwarding latency requirement of the service flow, and generates a label stack corresponding to a forwarding time point.

Abstract: A method for sending a multicast packet provided in embodiments of this application includes: a first network device obtains a first multicast packet, where the first multicast packet includes a bit string bit string and an identifier of a network slice, the bit string corresponds to a second network device, and the network slice corresponds to a multicast service of the second network device. The first network device obtains, based on the bit string and the identifier of the network slice, a first interface corresponding to the network slice. The first network device sends the first multicast packet to the second network device by using the first interface.

Abstract: An IPv6 packet sending method, a device, and a system is provided. The method includes a first network device receives a first IPv6 packet, where the first IPv6 packet includes a packet header and an inner packet, and the packet header includes a hop limit field. The network device further determines whether a value of the hop limit field is less than or equal to a preset threshold, determines whether the inner packet is a multicast packet, and avoids forwarding the first IPv6 packet when the value of the hop limit field is less than or equal to the preset threshold and the inner packet is the multicast packet.

Abstract: This application provides a packet forwarding method, device, and system. The method includes: A first network device obtains a first packet, where the first packet includes a multicast packet; the first network device determines a next-hop destination address DA of the multicast packet based on a source address SA and a first correspondence relationship, where the SA is used to identify a multicast path corresponding to the multicast packet, and the first correspondence relationship includes the SA and a next-hop DA of the first network device on the multicast path; the first network device obtains a second packet based on the next-hop DA, where the second packet is a unicast packet obtained after IPv6 encapsulation is performed on the multicast packet; and the first network device forwards the second packet along the multicast path based on the next-hop DA.

Abstract: This application provides a P2MP tree connectivity detection method, a device, and a system. The method is applied to SR domain. The SR domain includes a P2MP tree. The P2MP tree includes a first node. The first node is a root node or an intermediate replication node of the P2MP tree. The method includes: The first node determines a first next-hop node of the first node based on replication branch information; and the first node sends a first request message to the first next-hop node. The first request message includes a segment identifier SID of the first next-hop node. The first request message includes a first identifier. The first identifier indicates that the first request message is for connectivity detection.

Abstract: This application provides a packet verification method, and the method includes: A first network device receives a BIER packet, where packet header information of the BIER packet includes a first keyed-hash message authentication code HMAC, and the first HMAC is used to verify whether the BIER packet is a valid BIER packet; determines a second HMAC based on a first key and first information in the packet header information, where the first information is used to indicate forwarding information of the BIER packet; determines whether the first HMAC is the same as the second HMAC; and when determining that the first HMAC is different from the second HMAC, determines that the BIER packet is an invalid BIER packet.

Abstract: In embodiments of this application, the network node may receive a first data packet, where the first data packet carries first traffic feature data of a first data flow to which the first data packet belongs. The network node may determine a data forwarding policy based on the first traffic feature data. Because the data forwarding policy includes a policy used when the network node forwards a data packet included in the first data flow, the network node may forward the data packet based on the data forwarding policy. It may be learned that, in this solution, there is no need for a controller to determine the forwarding policy and the network node to execute the forwarding policy. Instead, the network node may learn of the traffic feature data of the transmitted data flow in real time, and determine and use the data forwarding policy in a timely manner.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for sending a multicast packet. In the method, an ingress device obtains a region identifier of a region corresponding to a received multicast packet. The ingress device obtains, based on the region identifier and a forwarding entry, an address of an intermediate device that is used to forward the multicast packet to the region. The forwarding entry includes the region identifier and the address of the intermediate device. The ingress device sends the multicast packet based on the address of the intermediate device. An intermediate device obtains, based on a multicast packet from an ingress device, a region identifier of a region corresponding to the multicast packet. The intermediate device obtains an address of a next-hop device based on the region identifier and a forwarding entry. The intermediate device sends the multicast packet based on the address of the next-hop device.

Abstract: A segment routing (SR) policy issuing method applied to an SR network. The SR network includes a path computation node (PCN), a first node, and a second node, a first path and a second path between the first node and the second node. The first node is a source node of the first path and the second path. The second node is a destination node of the first path and the second path. The method includes the PCN generating an SR policy and sending the SR policy to the first node. The SR policy indicates to the first node to generate a first packet flow and a second packet flow based on an original packet flow, send the first packet flow through the first path, and send the second packet flow through the second path.

Abstract: A packet sending method of a controller includes obtaining a forwarding latency requirement of a service flow and a destination address of the service flow; determining a forwarding path that meets the forwarding latency requirement, and determining a number of a first cycle time in which an ingress node forwards a packet and a number of a second cycle time in which an intermediate node forwards the packet; sending a first entry to the ingress node that includes a sequence number of the packet and the first cycle time number; and sending a second entry to the intermediate node that includes the sequence number of the packet and the second cycle time number.