Abstract: A structure includes a base layer and conductive element in a dielectric region. The base layer includes a first material and is perpendicular to a direction. The conductive element includes a conductive material and contacts the base layer and the dielectric region. An interface parallel to the direction is formed between the conductive element and the dielectric region. A deposition rate of the conductive material over a surface of the base layer is higher than that over a surface of the dielectric region.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems for emitting light (e.g., substantially white light) with tunable circadian effects and substantially consistent color characteristics, and methods of making and/or operating the same. Certain embodiments described herein are systems comprising a plurality of light-emitting regions configured to emit light having certain circadian effects (e.g., melanopic ratio) and certain color characteristics (e.g., corrected color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI)). According to some embodiments, the difference between the circadian effects of the light-emitting regions may be relatively large, and the difference between the color characteristics of the light-emitting regions may be relatively small. Each light-emitting region may comprise one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), each of which may be associated with one or more wavelength-converting materials (e.g., phosphors).

Abstract: The teachings are generally directed to phosphors having combination coatings with multifunctional characteristics that increase the performance and/or reliability of the phosphor. The teachings include highly reliable phosphors having coatings that contain more than one inorganic component, more than one layer, more than one thicknesses, more than one combination of layers or thicknesses, a gradient-interface between components, a primer thickness or layer to inhibit or prevent leaching of phosphor components into the coatings, a sealant layer to inhibit or prevent entry of moisture or oxygen from the environment, a mixed composition layer as a sealant and multifunctional combination coatings.

Abstract: The teachings are generally directed to phosphors having combination coatings with multifunctional characteristics that increase the performance and/or reliability of the phosphor. The teachings include highly reliable phosphors having coatings that contain more than one inorganic component, more than one layer, more than one thicknesses, more than one combination of layers or thicknesses, a gradient-interface between components, a primer thickness or layer to inhibit or prevent leaching of phosphor components into the coatings, a sealant layer to inhibit or prevent entry of moisture or oxygen from the environment, a mixed composition layer as a sealant and multifunctional combination coatings.

Abstract: Described herein are coated photoluminescent materials and methods for preparing such coated photoluminescent materials. More particularly, provided herein are phosphors coated with titanium dioxide, methods for preparing phosphors coated with titanium dioxide, and solid-state light emitting devices which include phosphors coated with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: An electrode material for a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprises a metal phosphate of general composition M1M2PO4 having an olivine structure in which alkali metal cations (MI=Li+, Na+, K+) occupy M1 sites and transition metal cations (MV=Fe, Mn, Co) having both divalent and trivalent oxidation states occupy M2 sites. The material further comprises trivalent and/or tetravalent metal cations (MIII=Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Tl3+, Y3+, La3+, V3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+, Co3+, Ti4+, MIV=Zr4+, Mo4, W4+) doped into an M2 site and additional alkali metal cations doped into an M2 site to thereby attain an overall charge balance of the material.