Abstract: A dynamic load shearing test device and method based on a hopkinson bar system are provided in this disclosure, which relates to the technical field of rock detection tests. The device according to the disclosure includes a bearing frame, a carriage, a sample holding unit, a pressure environment generating unit, a sample switching unit, an incident bar and a transmission bar, and the test method includes following steps: test device assembly, device leveling, pre-test preparation, test conducting, sample angle switching and test device resetting. The disclosure has advantages that the cylindrical sample can be quickly fixed, a required temperature environment can be well maintained, the cylindrical sample can be better fixed in a high-pressure environment, rotation of the cylindrical sample is not hindered in a low-pressure environment, switching of test positions is facilitated, and test efficiency can be accelerated.