Abstract: Provided herein is 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol, which is a compound represented by formula I, or an enantiomer or a raceme thereof. The is prepared with a 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-dicarbaldehyde derivative as a starting material through a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation rearrangement reaction and an alkaline hydrolysis reaction. The 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol comprises two gem-dimethyl groups and is a key intermediate for preparing corresponding 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based monophosphine ligands, such as phosphonite ligands, phosphite ligands, phosphoramidite ester ligands, phosphoric acid and phsophonamidate. The 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol skeleton provided herein could be used in chemical industry and has economic practicality and industrial application prospects.

Abstract: An intramolecular complex hindered phenol compound, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof are provided. The intramolecular complex hindered phenol compound has a structure as represented by formula I, in which m is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 3, and m+n is 4. The intramolecular complex hindered phenol compound has good self-yellowing resistance, a high anti-oxidation efficiency, good compatibility with a matrix, a low melting point, It shows NOx coloring resistance particularly when used in plastic processing.

Abstract: A chiral amine-squaramide compound based on a spirobiindane skeleton, a preparation method and use thereof provided. The chiral amine-squaramide is an enantiomeric compound having the general formula (I) and is useful for asymmetric catalytic organic reactions with good catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. The chiral amine-squaramide compound is obtained by preparation of compound of formula (I) through addition of a compound of formula (II) with squaric acid ester. The synthetic reaction route is simple, and it is easy for large-scale application. The novel chiral amine-squaramide organocatalyst has economic utility and promising industrial applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are 7,7?-dihalo-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane and a preparation method thereof. The 7,7?-dihalo-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is a compound represented by formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereomer thereof. The compound of formula I could be prepared by using a racemic or optically active 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-6,6?-diol as a raw material through a series of reactions. The 7,7?-dihalo-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is a key intermediate for preparing 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand compounds represented by formula II or III.

Abstract: The present application discloses a 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of phosphine ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I or formula II, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The phosphine ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6?-dihydroxyl-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is used as a raw material and the compound represented by formula III serves as the key intermediate. The new phosphine ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral phosphine ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions including asymmetric hydrogenation and asymmetric allyl alkylation, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect.

Abstract: Disclosed are 7,7?-dihalo-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane and a preparation method thereof. The 7,7?-dihalo-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is a compound represented by formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereomer thereof. The compound of formula I could be prepared by using a racemic or optically active 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-6,6?-diol as a raw material through a series of reactions. The 7,7?-dihalo-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is a key intermediate for preparing 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand compounds represented by formula II or III.

Abstract: Provided herein is 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol, which is a compound represented by formula I, or an enantiomer or a raceme thereof. The 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol is prepared with a 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-dicarbaldehyde derivative as a starting material through a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation rearrangement reaction and an alkaline hydrolysis reaction. The 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol comprises two gem-dimethyl groups and is a key intermediate for preparing corresponding 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based monophosphine ligands, such as phosphonite ligands, phosphite ligands, phosphoramidite ester ligands, phosphoric acid and phsophonamidate. The 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol skeleton provided herein could be used in chemical industry and has economic practicality and industrial application prospects.

Abstract: Provided are a 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based monophosphine ligand and intermediates thereof, and preparation methods and uses of the same. The monophosphine ligand is a compound represented by formula I or formula I?, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof, including phosphonite ligands, phosphite ligands, phosphoramidite ester ligands, phosphoric acid and phosphonic amide. The monophosphine ligand is prepared with a known 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol derivative as a raw material through a scheme in which the compound presented by formula II acts as an intermediate.

Abstract: Provided are a compound of 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based bisoxazoline ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of bisoxazoline ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The bisoxazoline ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6?-dihydroxyl-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is used as a starting raw material and the compound represented by formula II serves as the key intermediate through a series of reactions. The new bisoxazoline ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral bisoxazoline ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions of metal catalysis, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect.

Abstract: Provided are a compound of 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based bisoxazoline ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of bisoxazoline ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The bisoxazoline ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6?-dihydroxyl-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is used as a starting raw material and the compound represented by formula II serves as the key intermediate through a series of reactions. The new bisoxazoline ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral bisoxazoline ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions of metal catalysis, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect.

Abstract: The invention discloses a tetramethyl-7,7?-spirobiindane-based phosphinooxazoline ligand compound and its preparation method and use. The phosphinooxazoline ligand compound is a compound having a structure shown in general formula I or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof. The phosphinooxazoline ligand obtained through a series of reaction steps using cheap and easily available 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-6,6?-diol as a starting material. The novel phosphinooxazoline ligand developed in the invention can be used to organic catalytic reactions, especially as a chiral phosphinooxazoline ligand widely used in metal-asymmetric catalytic reactions, having economical practicality and industrial application prospects.

Abstract: The present application discloses a 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based phosphine ligand, an intermediate, a preparation method and uses thereof. The compound of phosphine ligand is a compound having a structure represented by formula I or formula II, or an enantiomer, a raceme, or diastereomer thereof. The phosphine ligand can be prepared via a preparation scheme in which the cheap and easily available 6,6?-dihydroxyl-3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane is used as a raw material and the compound represented by formula III serves as the key intermediate. The new phosphine ligand developed by the present application can be used in catalytic organic reaction, in particular as a chiral phosphine ligand that is widely used in many asymmetric catalytic reactions including asymmetric hydrogenation and asymmetric allyl alkylation, and thus it has economic practicability and industrial application prospect.

Abstract: The invention discloses a tetramethyl-7,7?-spirobiindane-based phosphinooxazoline ligand compound and its preparation method and use. The phosphinooxazoline ligand compound is a compound having a structure shown in general formula I or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof. The phosphinooxazoline ligand obtained through a series of reaction steps using cheap and easily available 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-6,6?-diol as a starting material. The novel phosphinooxazoline ligand developed in the invention can be used to organic catalytic reactions, especially as a chiral phosphinooxazoline ligand widely used in metal-asymmetric catalytic reactions, having economical practicality and industrial application prospects.

Abstract: Provided are a 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-based monophosphine ligand and intermediates thereof, and preparation methods and uses of the same. The monophosphine ligand is a compound represented by formula I or formula I?, or an enantiomer, a raceme or a diastereoisomer thereof, including phosphonite ligands, phosphite ligands, phosphoramidite ester ligands, phosphoric acid and phosphonic amide. The monophosphine ligand is prepared with a known 3,3,3?,3?-tetramethyl-1,1?-spirobiindane-7,7?-diol derivative as a raw material through a scheme in which the compound presented by formula II acts as an intermediate.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a set of digital images each having been captured with a digital camera, the method comprising, using at least one processor: a) extracting a camera fingerprint from each image so as to form a set of camera fingerprints, each camera fingerprint being representative of the camera used to capture the image, and being of a first dimension; b) forming a set of dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints from each camera fingerprint, the dimensionally reduced camera fingerprint being of a second dimension smaller than the first dimension; c) forming a first subset of dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints and a second subset of dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints; d) determining a level of similarity between every pairing of the dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints of the first subset; e) determining a level of similarity between every pairing of the dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints of the second subset; f) determining a level of similarity between every pairing of, on th

Abstract: A method of analysing a set of digital images each having been captured with a digital camera, the method comprising, using at least one processor: a) extracting a camera fingerprint from each image so as to form a set of camera fingerprints, each camera fingerprint being representative of the camera used to capture the image, and being of a first dimension; b) forming a set of dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints from each camera fingerprint, the dimensionally reduced camera fingerprint being of a second dimension smaller than the first dimension; c) forming a first subset of dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints and a second subset of dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints; d) determining a level of similarity between every pairing of the dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints of the first subset; e) determining a level of similarity between every pairing of the dimensionally reduced camera fingerprints of the second subset; f) determining a level of similarity between every pairing of, on th

Abstract: A plug for use in a passage or conduit of a human body is provided. The plug includes a plug body with a first end and a second end. The plug body has a protrusion on an exterior wall. The plug also includes an attaching member at the first end to attach the plug to the passage or conduit. The plug further includes an axial retention tube within the plug body. The plug further includes a reservoir. The reservoir connects to the retention tube at a third end thereof. The reservoir and the retention tube are configured to regulate the flow of fluid in the passage or conduit.

Abstract: A plug for use in a passage or conduit of a human body is provided. The plug includes a plug body with a first end and a second end. The plug body has a protrusion on an exterior wall. The plug also includes an attaching member at the first end to attach the plug to the passage or conduit. The plug further includes an axial retention tube within the plug body. The plug further includes a reservoir. The reservoir connects to the retention tube at a third end thereof. The reservoir and the retention tube are configured to regulate the flow of fluid in the passage or conduit.