Abstract: A method of preparing bio-polyols from epoxidized fatty acid esters, wherein the bio-polyols are synthesized via hydroxylation with epoxidized fatty acid esters and ring-opening reagent, using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The bio-polyols are used to synthesize bio-polyurethane and bio-polyurethane foams. The acidic ionic liquids in this process is used in esterification, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction to synthesize bio-polyols. The ionic liquids catalysts have several advantages such as easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce pollution.

Abstract: A method of preparing bio-polyols from epoxidized fatty acid esters, wherein the bio-polyols are synthesized via hydroxylation with epoxidized fatty acid esters and ring-opening reagent, using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The bio-polyols are used to synthesize bio-polyurethane and bio-polyurethane foams. The acidic ionic liquids in this process is used in esterification, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction to synthesize bio-polyols. The ionic liquids catalysts have several advantages such as easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce pollution.

Abstract: Synthesizing bio-plasticizers with acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The acidic ionic liquids are Bronsted acidic ionic liquids, which are composed of alkyl sulfone pyridinium and strong Bronsted acid. Epoxidized fatty acid alkyl esters could be obtained via epoxidation of fatty acid alkyl esters using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The epoxidized fatty acid alkyl esters perform well as bio-plasticizers, which could be substituted for phthalate ester plasticizers. The acidic ionic liquids catalysts provide good catalytic performance, are easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce corrosion of pipelines.

Abstract: Synthesizing bio-plasticizers with acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The acidic ionic liquids are Bronsted acidic ionic liquids, which are composed of alkyl sulfone pyridinium and strong Bronsted acid. Epoxidized fatty acid alkyl esters could be obtained via epoxidation of fatty acid alkyl esters using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The epoxidized fatty acid alkyl esters perform well as bio-plasticizers, which could be substituted for phthalate ester plasticizers. The acidic ionic liquids catalysts provide good catalytic performance, are easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce corrosion of pipelines.

Abstract: The invention provides a simple, rapid and cost-effective metal oxide-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MOALDI MS) without the addition of light-absorbing organic-matrix, comprising the use of (a) an inorganic metal oxide with light absorbing capability as an assisting material to render desorption/ionization of samples in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and (b) a citric acid buffer as the proton source for enhancing the ionization efficiency for analytes. Metal oxide assisting materials is not only restricted to the uses of films. Metal oxide nanoparticles are also suitable to be used as the assisting materials. Low matrix background, stable surface feature, homogeneous sample deposition, and wide detectable mass range are the merits of MOALDI MS.

Abstract: The invention provides a simple, rapid and cost-effective metal oxide-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MOALDI MS) without the addition of light-absorbing organic-matrix, comprising the use of (a) an inorganic metal oxide with light absorbing capability as an assisting material to render desorption/ionization of samples in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and (b) a citric acid buffer as the proton source for enhancing the iorization efficiency for analytes. Metal oxide assisting materials is not only restricted to the uses of films. Metal oxide nanoparticles are also suitable to be used as the assisting materials. Low matrix background, stable surface feature, homogeneous sample deposition, and wide detectable mass range are the merits of MOALDI MS.