Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing and characterizing zein-fucoidan conjugated nanoliposomes for phytol encapsulation. The method of preparation includes a preparation of zein-fucoidan nanoparticles. This includes (i). dissolving zein in a 75% ethanol solution, and preparing a fucoidan solution by mixing 40 mL of ultrapure water with 200 mg of fucoidan, (ii). removing ethanol from a resulting mixture, and (iii) eliminating insoluble substances to collect the zein-fucoidan nanoparticles. The method further includes. preparation of nanoliposomes and preparation of biopolymer conjugated nanoliposomes. The zein-fucoidan nanoparticles and nanoliposomes are combined in a specific ratio to prepare the biopolymer conjugated nanoliposomes. In the present disclosure, Zein and fucoidan are utilized as a composite biopolymer to modify nanoliposomes loaded with phytol, thereby enhancing the performance of phytol nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention provides formulations containing a P2Y14 antagonist, such as the naphthoic acid derivative PPTN, and an agent that increases the solubility of the P2Y 14 antagonist in an aqueous medium. The invention also provides methods of using the formulations to treat kidney disorders and conditions associated with renal inflammation.