Abstract: Methods for detecting a Group of Biomarkers is provided herein. The translation profile of the Group of Biomarkers can be used for determining whether a subject, such as a fetus, has Down syndrome The methods include detecting one or more specific groups of biomarkers in a biological sample, and determining whether the expression of the biomarkers is altered when compared to expression of the biomarkers in one or more subjects that do not have trisomy 21 (e.g., a transcriptional standard). The biological sample can be a blood sample, and the biomarkers are cell free plasma RNAs.

Abstract: A method of detecting a combination of nucleic acid biomarkers in a human subject can include: obtaining a nucleic acid sample from the human subject; selecting the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers; analyzing a transcriptome of the human subject for the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers in the nucleic acid sample from the human subject; detecting in the nucleic acid sample the presence of the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers, wherein each nucleic acid biomarker in the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers has a variation from a transcription standard.

Abstract: A method of detecting a combination of nucleic acid biomarkers in a human subject can include: obtaining a nucleic acid sample from the human subject; selecting the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers; analyzing a transcriptome of the human subject for the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers in the nucleic acid sample from the human subject; detecting in the nucleic acid sample the presence of the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers, wherein each nucleic acid biomarker in the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers has a variation from a transcription standard.

Abstract: A method of detecting a combination of nucleic acid biomarkers in a human subject can include: obtaining a nucleic acid sample from the human subject; selecting the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers; analyzing a transcriptome of the human subject for the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers in the nucleic acid sample from the human subject; detecting in the nucleic acid sample the presence of the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers, wherein each nucleic acid biomarker in the combination of nucleic acid biomarkers has a variation from a transcription standard.

Abstract: A nucleic acid normalization kit can include a nucleic acid having a normalization sequence including or complementary to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1-4 and 301-303 or unique segment thereof, the nucleic acid being present in an amount sufficient for use in a nucleic acid normalization protocol. The normalization kit can be used in a method of identifying a pregnancy normalization nucleic acid sequence. A nucleic acid diagnostic kit for diagnosing susceptibility to preterm birth (PTB) can include a nucleic acid having a CFP RNA PTB biomarker sequence including or complementary to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5-300 or unique segment thereof, the nucleic acid being present in an amount sufficient for use in a nucleic acid diagnostic protocol for diagnosing susceptibility to PTB. The diagnostic kit can be used in a method for predicting susceptibility of a pregnant woman to preterm birth (PTB).

Abstract: Methods for determining whether a subject, such as a fetus, has Down syndrome are described. In one embodiment, the methods include detecting one or more biomarkers in a biological sample, and determining whether the expression of the biomarkers is altered when compared to expression of the biomarkers in one or more subjects that do not have trisomy 21. In one embodiment, the biological sample is a blood sample, and the biomarkers are cell free plasma RNAs.

Abstract: A nucleic acid normalization kit can include a nucleic acid having a normalization sequence including or complementary to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1-4 and 301-303 or unique segment thereof, the nucleic acid being present in an amount sufficient for use in a nucleic acid normalization protocol. The normalization kit can be used in a method of identifying a pregnancy normalization nucleic acid sequence. A nucleic acid diagnostic kit for diagnosing susceptibility to preterm birth (PTB) can include a nucleic acid having a CFP RNA PTB biomarker sequence including or complementary to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5-300 or unique segment thereof, the nucleic acid being present in an amount sufficient for use in a nucleic acid diagnostic protocol for diagnosing susceptibility to PTB. The diagnostic kit can be used in a method for predicting susceptibility of a pregnant woman to preterm birth (PTB).