Abstract: The invention relates to the technology for the production of celluloses having improved properties and increased reactivity, and can be used in their chemical processing, including finished batches for the production of nitrocellulose and other products. A method for improving the quality and reactivity of cellulose comprises the following steps: impregnating and hydrolyzing the cellulose in a hydrolysis solution, filtering it from the hydrolysis solution, washing it with squeezing and drying. Moreover, the stages of impregnation and hydrolysis of cellulose in hydrolysis solution, filtration from hydrolysis solution, washing, squeezing and drying are carried out with simultaneous thermovacuum-impulse action by cycles, each of which includes the heating of cellulose to a temperature of not more than 115° C., high-speed impulse action of vacuum for time of less than 10 seconds, followed by exposure of the cellulose under vacuum and vacuum relief.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technology of recovery of rare-earth elements form both solid fossil and technology-related materials obtained by means of their target-oriented processing. Rare-earth elements recovery method include the acid leaching of ground to less than 100 ?m solid fossil and technology-related materials with the mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid at ratio from 6:1 to 1:1 mass parts, at the concentration in mixture of acids less than 15 wt. % at liquid/solid phases ratio of L:S from 2:1 to 6:1 mass parts. During the leaching operation progress the vacuum-impulse action is conducted during all operation of transferring of rare-earth elements compounds into a solution and obtaining of a precipitate of remained solid fossil and technology-related materials. The obtained precipitate of solid fossil and technology-related materials is separated from leaching solution. Separation of rare-earth elements from leaching solution is conducted using ion-exchange filter or membrane filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical industry, namely to the production method of cellulose from all types of plant cellulose-containing raw material. The method includes raw material impregnation and hydrolysis in a hydrolysis solution, cellulose filtration, washing with water, filtration and drying, accompanied with the use of cycles that include heating of the material to a temperature of 115° C. or less, high-speed impulse action of vacuum with a pressure change in the range up to 5 mm Hg for a time of less than 10 seconds, followed by exposure under vacuum and vacuum relief. Both solution of nitric or sulphuric acids, their mixture and alkaline solution can be used as hydrolysis solution. Technical result of the claimed method consists in. reducing the duration of the cellulose hydrolysis process, reducing the temperature of the processes while obtaining the required chemical and structural homogeneity of the cellulose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus of extraction with the use of vacuum and can be used to extract the bioactive agents from raw materials. The method of extraction of materials, includes the heating the extractant, the preliminary extraction of raw materials with the heated rollers by means of extractant, the impregnation of raw material with extractant and extraction of raw materials in vacuum-impulsive mode by cycles, which include the heating with hot coolant gas not exceeding 39° C. and a creation of vacuum in the chamber in the regime of quick vacuum-impulsive exposure with stepwise multiple pressure drop from the atmospheric pressure to the pressure not more 0.0001 MPa, followed by keeping under vacuum to stabilize the temperature of the mixture and the vacuum relief at the end of the cycle. The distilled water, or organic solvents or mixtures thereof are used as the extractants.

Abstract: Invention refers to the pneumatic transport field, namely to vacuum-pneumatic transportation of bulk materials of high mass concentrations. Summary of the invention consist in that the material delivering from zone under atmospheric pressure into zone under vacuum is performed, at that vacuum is created by alternate action of vacuum impulses from one of two or more vacuum receivers connected to continuous vacuum source in such a way that under vacuum impulse action from one of receivers it synchronically, for the vacuum action duration period, disconnects from continuous vacuum source and the following receiver connects to continuous vacuum source. Invention allows transporting the bulk material of high concentrations through pipelines of long distances and having the sections of changeable transportation directions (vertical, slope.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technology of recovery of rare-earth elements form both solid fossil and technology-related materials obtained by means of their target-oriented processing. Rare-earth elements recovery method include the acid teaching of ground to less than 100 ?m solid fossil and technology-related materials with the mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid at ratio from 6:1 to 1:1 mass parts, at the concentration in mixture of acids less than 15 wt. % at liquid/solid phases ratio of L:S from 2:1 to 6:1 mass parts. During the teaching operation progress the vacuum-impulse action is conducted curing all operation of transferring of rare-earth elements compounds into a solution and obtaining of a precipitate of remained solid fossil and technology-related materials. The obtained precipitate of solid fossil and technology-related materials is separated from leaching solution. Separation of rare-earth elements from teaching solution is conducted using Ion-exchange filter or membrane filter.

Abstract: Invention refers to the pneumatic transport field, namely to vacuum-pneumatic transportation of bulk materials of high mass concentrations. Summary of the invention consist in that the material delivering from zone under atmospheric pressure into zone under vacuum is performed, at that vacuum is created by alternate action of vacuum impulses from one of two or more vacuum receivers connected to continuous vacuum source in such a way that under vacuum impulse action from one of receivers it synchronically, for the vacuum, action duration period, disconnects from continuous vacuum, source and the following receiver connects to continuous vacuum source. Invention allows transporting the bulk material of high concentrations through pipelines of long distances and having the sections of changeable transportation directions (vertical slope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the vacuum drying of capillary porous bulk materials. The method involves preheating of the material, its loading into the vacuum drying chamber having heating elements followed by cycle-by-cycling heating of the material and vacuum creation in the rapid vacuum impulse action mode with stage-by-stage single or multiple reduction of pressure in the range from 0.1 MPa to 0.0001 MPa followed by the exposure to vacuum unless the material temperature is stabilized. Said cycles are repeated unless the required material moisture is achieved. Cooling of the material is performed in the same drying chamber by alternating cooling in spouted bed and vacuum impulse action. The device comprises two vacuum chambers cone-shaped at their bases with heaters mounted inside them, material loading/unloading system, one or several receivers with pumps connected in parallel to them and connected via vacuum pipeline system with quick-acting valves to the drying chamber inlet.

Abstract: The invention can be used for extraction of valuable biologically active agents from raw materials. The method of extraction comprises treating the raw materials by preliminary extraction with the extracting agent heated to the temperature not allowing denaturation of raw materials and the final product. The extracting agent is either distilled water or watered alcohol to carry out both the impregnation of raw material with the extracting agent and extraction in vacuum-impulsive mode in the extractor, to carry out catching of extract essential oils. The device for extraction comprises a screw dozer and continuous heated rolls with a vessel to receive press cake impregnated with the extracting agent, two parallel extractors, pipelines connected to a reflux condenser, a foam-destroying device, and vessels to store and prepare the extracting agent and the extract interconnected filters and condensers, additionally connected with a receiver which is equipped with a vacuum pump and pipelines.

Abstract: The invention relates to the agricultural industry, specifically to the processing of organic waste materials (livestock and poultry farming waste, domestic and industrial waste water, straw, peat and other organic substances) to produce organomineral fertilizers in granulated form. The method for producing a granulated organomineral fertilizer from organic waste materials comprises feeding the mixture components, removing mechanical impurities, mixing with the addition of mineral components, grinding, decontaminating, homogenizing, granulating and drying. The grinding, decontamination, homogenization and granulation processes are performed simultaneously on continuously operating heated rollers with the mass to be processed being passed through shaping rings of the rollers and with cutting to form granules. The granules are dried to a set moisture content in a continuously operating heated vacuum dryer operating in pulsed vacuum modes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for recovering rare earth elements, in particular, from phosphogypsum. The claimed method comprises acidic extraction of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using sulfuric acid-nitric acid mixture solution at 3.2-1.2 ratio with concentration of 1-3% by weight and at liquids-solids ratio of 4-5 within 8-12 minutes with simultaneous hydroacoustic action on the extraction suspension agent being mixed succeeded by separation of insoluble gypsum from extraction suspension agent and by recovery of rare earth elements from extraction solution using cation-exchange sorption by passing the latter through cation-exchange filter. The claimed method allows both to increase the recovery rate of rare earth elements and to reduce by half the time of the process accomplished at lower concentrations and with smaller volumes of acidic reagents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technique of disinfecting household and industrial waste water used as the basis of organo-mineral fertilizers. The present method of disinfection is carried out by means of quick vacuum-pulse actions on sewage sludge using a receiver and quick response valves, with a pulse duration of less than 1.0 seconds at a pressure of not more than 20 mmHg to achieve the required degree of disinfection. Technical result of the use of the invention is to accelerate and simplify the process of disinfection method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus of extraction with the use of vacuum and can be used to extract the bioactive agents from raw materials. The method of extraction of materials, includes the heating the extractant, the preliminary extraction of raw materials with the heated rollers by means of extractant, the impregnation of raw material with extractant and extraction of raw materials in vacuum-impulsive mode by cycles, which include the heating with hot coolant gas not exceeding 39° C. and a creation of vacuum in the chamber in the regime of quick vacuum-impulsive exposure with stepwise multiple pressure drop from the atmospheric pressure to the pressure not more 0.0001 MPa, followed by keeping under vacuum to stabilize the temperature of the mixture and the vacuum relief at the end of the cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technique of disinfecting household and industrial waste water used as the basis of organo-mineral fertilizers. The present method of disinfection is carried out by means of quick vacuum-pulse actions on sewage sludge using a receiver and quick response valves, with a pulse duration of less than 1.0 seconds at a pressure of not more than 20 mmHg to achieve the required degree of disinfection. Technical result of the use of the invention is to accelerate and simplify the process of disinfection method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the vacuum drying of capillary porous bulk materials. The method involves preheating of the material, its loading into the vacuum drying chamber having heating elements followed by cycle-by-cycling heating of the material and vacuum creation in the rapid vacuum impulse action mode with stage-by-stage single or multiple reduction of pressure in the range from 0.1 MPa to 0.0001 MPa followed by the exposure to vacuum unless the material temperature is stabilized. Said cycles axe repeated unless the required material moisture is achieved. Cooling of the material is performed in the same drying chamber by alternating cooling in spouted bed and vacuum impulse action. The device comprises two vacuum chambers cone-shaped at their bases with heaters mounted inside them, material loading/unloading system, one or several receivers with pumps connected in parallel to them and connected via vacuum pipeline system with quick-acting valves to the drying chamber inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to the grinding method with simultaneous homogenization of powder-like materials with liquid components in construction engineering, chemical and other industries. The roller breaker-homogenizer comprises a cone-shaped backing roll and not less than three driven rolls and driven rolls, the large bases of which face reverse directions. The rolls are arranged in the case with a replaceable cup vertically at the same level so that the driven rolls are located epicyclically relative to the backing roll and mounted in cantilever fashion in the case cover rotation bearing assemblies, and the backing roll is connected axially with a drive shaft via a spring coupling. An appliance used to regulate the spring coupling pressing force is mounted between the drive and spring coupling. The case cover has an opening for loading basic process materials above the upper end surface of the backing roll, and an anchor-type mixer is fixed on the lower end surface of the backing roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to the grinding method with simultaneous homogenization of powder-like material with liquid components in construction engineering, chemical and other industries. The roller breaker-homogenizer comprises a cone-shaped backing roll and not less than three driven rolls and driven rolls, the large bases of which face reverse directions. The rolls are arranged in the case with a replaceable cup vertically at the same level so that the driven rolls are located epicyclically relative to the backing roll and mounted in cantilever fashion in the case cover rotation bearing assemblies, and the backing roll is connected axially with a drive shaft via a spring coupling. An appliance used to regulate the spring coupling pressing force is mounted between the drive and spring coupling. The case cover has an opening for loading basic process materials above the upper end surface of the backing roll and an anchor-type mixer is fixed on the lower end surface of the backing roll.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for recovering rare earth elements, in particular, from phosphogypsum. The claimed method comprises acidic extraction of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using sulfuric acid-nitric acid mixture solution at 3.2-1.2 ratio with concentration of 1-3% by weight and at liquids-solids ratio of 4-5 within 8-12 minutes with simultaneous hydroacoustic action on the extraction suspension agent being mixed succeeded by separation of insoluble gypsum from extraction suspension agent and by recovery of rare earth elements from extraction solution using cation-exchange sorption by passing the latter through cation-exchange filter. The claimed method allows both to increase the recovery rate of rare earth elements and to reduce by half the time of the process accomplished at lower concentrations and with smaller volumes of acidic reagents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to the methods used for producing mineral organic fertilizer mixtures based on wastewater sludges. The claimed method involves mixing of wastewater sludges with the detoxicant—highly dispersed sodium humate with particles not larger than 100 ?m and in quantity of not less than 10% of the sludge mass. The invention allows to improve application efficiency of wastewater sludges as fertilizers due to the reduction of heavy metals contained in the sludges.

Abstract: The invention can be used for extraction of valuable biologically active agents from vegetable, animal, fish, seafood, and other raw materials. The method of extraction comprises treating the raw materials by preliminary extraction with the extracting agent heated to the temperature not allowing denaturation of raw materials and the final product. The extracting agent is either distilled water or watered alcohol of concentration not less than 20% and ratio not more than 2, to carry out both the impregnation of raw material with the extracting agent and extraction in vacuum-impulsive mode in the extractor, to carry out catching of extract essential oils followed by condensation in dedicated condensers.