Abstract: A communication method includes a first network element receiving identity information of a terminal from a second network element, where the identity information includes an identity of the terminal or an identity of a group of the terminal; the first network element obtaining, based on the identity information, type information of a serving network corresponding to the identity information; and the first network element sending API information of the first network element based on the type information. Based on this communication method, the second network element can select an available API based on the API information or the type information of the serving network and invoke the available API.

Abstract: This application provides a model training method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining first capability information and second capability information of a client; determining, based on the first capability information and the second capability information, that the client reports model information to a cloud server or an edge server; and sending first indication information to the client. The first indication information indicates the client to report the model information to the cloud server or the edge server. According to the model training method and apparatus provided in this application, in a horizontal federated training method in a hybrid mode, a manner of reporting local model information by the client may be flexibly selected based on capability information of the client, so that horizontal federated training efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for determining a service experience model and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A data analysis network element obtains first association information corresponding to a first dataset and obtains a second dataset based on the first association information. The data analysis network element determines a fourth dataset based on first information and the second dataset, where the fourth dataset is a subset or all of the second dataset, and the first information includes capability information of the first device and/or capability information of the data analysis network element. The data analysis network element determines a service experience model of the service based on the fourth dataset. The data analysis network element does not need to obtain data of the service of the terminal device on the first device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a background data transfer policy formulation method, an apparatus, and a system. The method includes: A first policy control network element sends, to a first network element, a first message used to request a background data transfer policy stored in the first network element, and obtains, from the first network element, the background data transfer policy stored in the first network element and second decision information that is used to formulate a second background data transfer policy. The first policy control network element formulates a first background data transfer policy based on first decision information used to formulate the first background data transfer policy and the second decision information and according to the background data transfer policy stored in the first network element.

Abstract: A communication method includes sending, by a first data analytics network element, a first request to a service discovery network element. The first request requests information about a second data analytics network element. The first request includes one or more of information about distributed learning or first indication information. The information about distributed learning includes a type of distributed learning. The first indication information indicates a type of the second data analytics network element. The method also includes receiving, by the first data analytics network element, information about the second data analytics network element from the service discovery network element. The second data analytics network element supports the type of distributed learning.

Abstract: An event subscription management method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: receiving an indication message includes identification information of an event subscription, identification information of a user, and indication information, the identification information of the event subscription indicates a first event subscription of a user group to the user belongs, and the indication information indicates to cancel event detection of the user in the first event subscription; determining information about the first event subscription based on the indication message, where the information about the first event subscription includes group member information of the user group or information about a quantity of event reporting times of the user; and sending a delete message to a second network element, to indicate the second network element to delete the first event subscription.

Abstract: A communication method includes a first network element receiving identity information of a terminal from a second network element, where the identity information includes an identity of the terminal or an identity of a group of the terminal; the first network element obtaining, based on the identity information, type information of a serving network corresponding to the identity information; and the first network element sending API information of the first network element based on the type information. Based on this communication method, the second network element can select an available API based on the API information or the type information of the serving network and invoke the available API.

Abstract: A policy control method, an apparatus, and a system, where the method includes: receiving, by a session management network element, a first message from a terminal device, where the first message includes a quality of service (QoS) rule identifier and a first operation indication; sending, by the session management network element, a second message to a policy control network element, where the second message includes a policy and charging control (PCC) rule identifier corresponding to the QoS rule identifier and a second operation indication corresponding to the first operation indication; and receiving, by the policy control network element, the second message, and performing, by the policy control network element on a PCC rule corresponding to the PCC rule identifier, a second operation indicated by the second operation indication.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a policy determining method and apparatus, and a system, and relate to the field of communication technologies, to formulate a first policy for a subarea more accurately. The solution includes: A first network element sends, to a data analytics network element, a first request for requesting network performance information. The first request includes information about a first area and information about a first time period. The first network element receives first network performance information in a second area from the data analytics network element. The first network element determines a first policy based on the first network performance information. In this solution, a subarea may be used as a granularity, and the first policy may be accurately determined based on first network performance information in the subarea.

Abstract: A communication method, a communications apparatus, and a communications system, where the method includes: a first network element receiving identity information of a terminal from a second network element, where the identity information includes an identity of the terminal or an identity of a group of the terminal; the first network element obtaining, based on the identity information, type information of a serving network corresponding to the identity information; and the first network element sending API information of the first network element based on the type information. Based on this method, the second network element can select an available API based on the API information or the type information of the serving network and invoke the available API.

Abstract: An event subscription method includes receiving, by a user data management network element, a second message for subscribing to a second event, where the second message includes a second time parameter and a type of the second event, the type of the second event indicates an event type of the second event, and the type of the second event is a loss of connectivity event, and performing, by the user data management network element, a monitoring management operation on a first event and the second event based on duration of a subscribed periodic update timer of a user equipment (UE) and the second time parameter, where the type of the first event indicates an event type of the first event, and the duration of the subscribed periodic update timer of the UE is determined based on a subscription to the first event.

Abstract: This application provides a network API capability reporting method. The method includes: A first entity receives first information, where the first information is used to subscribe to an API capability of a network that serves a terminal device. The first entity sends second information to a second entity when a type of the network that serves the terminal device changes, where the second information includes an API capability of a network that currently serves the terminal device, and the API capability includes an API supported by the network that serves the terminal device and an availability feature of at least one API in the supported API.

Abstract: In a location reporting notification method regarding user equipment (UE) moving from an area served by a first mobility management network element (MMNE) to another area served by a second MMNE, the second MMNE receives from the first MMNE a current value of a first timer regarding the UE, wherein the first timer is maintained by the first MMNE. The second MMNE starts a second timer regarding the UE, and setting an initial value of the second timer to be the current value of the first timer. When the second MMNE detects a current location of the UE, it sends a reporting notification including information regarding the current location to a service capability exposure function when the second timer expires.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a policy control method, device, and system. The method includes: sending, by a mobility management network element to a first session management network element, a first request message used to create a first session, where the first request message includes an identifier of a terminal, single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI), and a data network name (DNN); receiving, by the first session management network element, the first request message from the mobility management network element, and sending a second request message to a binding support network element, where the second request message includes the identifier of the terminal, the S-NSSAI, and the DNN; and receiving, by the first session management network element, an identifier of a policy control network element from the binding support network element, and selecting the policy control network element based on the identifier of the policy control network element.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a charging management method, a user plane function entity, and a control plane function entity. The method includes: receiving, by a UP, a first usage reporting rule (URR) and a second URR sent by a CP, where the first URR is correlated with the second URR; when usage information on the UP reaches a threshold of the first URR, obtaining, by the UP, usage information corresponding to the first URR and usage information corresponding to a third URR correlated with the first URR; and sending, by the UP to the CP, the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR, so that the CP generates a charging data record based on the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR.

Abstract: An event subscription method includes receiving, by a user data management network element, a second message for subscribing to a second event, where the second message includes a second time parameter and a type of the second event, the type of the second event indicates an event type of the second event, and the type of the second event is a loss of connectivity event, and performing, by the user data management network element, a monitoring management operation on a first event and the second event based on duration of a subscribed periodic update timer of a user equipment (UE) and the second time parameter, where the type of the first event indicates an event type of the first event, and the duration of the subscribed periodic update timer of the UE is determined based on a subscription to the first event.

Abstract: A communication method, a communications apparatus, and a communications system, where the method includes: a first network element receiving identity information of a terminal from a second network element, where the identity information includes an identity of the terminal or an identity of a group of the terminal; the first network element obtaining, based on the identity information, type information of a serving network corresponding to the identity information; and the first network element sending API information of the first network element based on the type information. Based on this method, the second network element can select an available API based on the API information or the type information of the serving network and invoke the available API.

Abstract: This application discloses a rule management method and a device. The first network device receives first indication information. The first indication information indicates that a terminal is in a suspended state. The first network device sends indication information to a second network device, where the indication information indicates that the terminal is in a suspended state. The second network device determines, based on the indication information, to forgo sending a request for updating a policy and charging control rule and/or a quality of service rule related to the terminal.

Abstract: A policy control method, an apparatus, and a system, where the method includes: receiving, by a session management network element, a first message from a terminal device, where the first message includes a quality of service (QoS) rule identifier and a first operation indication; sending, by the session management network element, a second message to a policy control network element, where the second message includes a policy and charging control (PCC) rule identifier corresponding to the QoS rule identifier and a second operation indication corresponding to the first operation indication; and receiving, by the policy control network element, the second message, and performing, by the policy control network element on a PCC rule corresponding to the PCC rule identifier, a second operation indicated by the second operation indication.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a charging management method, a user plane function entity, and a control plane function entity. The method includes: receiving, by a UP, a first usage reporting rule (URR) and a second URR sent by a CP, where the first URR is correlated with the second URR; when usage information on the UP reaches a threshold of the first URR, obtaining, by the UP, usage information corresponding to the first URR and usage information corresponding to a third URR correlated with the first URR; and sending, by the UP to the CP, the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR, so that the CP generates a charging data record based on the usage information corresponding to the first URR and the usage information corresponding to the third URR.