Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful as i-switch pH reporters that have increased sensitivities as a pH reporter and have alternate pH reporting capacity ranges. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining pH comprising providing a nucleic acid complex comprising: a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence CnXCnYCnZCn (SEQ ID NO.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to nucleic acid-derivatized therapeutics and methods of their use.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for determining membrane potential across membranes of organelles and cells. More particularly, this disclosure relates to nucleic add complexes comprising a voltage-sensing fluorophore conjugated to one single-stranded nucleic acid molecule and methods for using such nucleic acid complexes in determining the membrane potential.

Abstract: A method for determining nitric oxide concentration in biological samples.

Abstract: In one aspect, ?-conjugated asymmetric molecular dyes are described herein comprising a donor (D)-acceptor (A) architecture across a thiazolothiazole electronic bridge. In some embodiments, a ?-conjugated asymmetric molecular dye has a difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of at least 1.2 eV. In some embodiments, the HOMO-LUMO offset is 1.2 eV to 5 eV. The ?-conjugated asymmetric molecular dye may also display a change in dipole moment between ground and excited states of at least 5 D.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for determining pH and also calcium (Ca2+) concentration or chloride (Cl?) concentration in biological samples. More particularly, this disclosure relates to methods capable of simultaneously determining pH and Ca2+ concentration, or pH and Cl? concentration using nucleic acid complexes.

Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful as i-switch pH reporters that have increased sensitivities as a pH reporter and have alternate pH reporting capacity ranges. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining pH comprising providing a nucleic acid complex comprising: a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence CnXCnYCnZCn (SEQ ID NO.

Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful as i-switch pH reporters that have increased sensitivities as a pH reporter and have alternate pH reporting capacity ranges. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining pH comprising providing a nucleic acid complex comprising: a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence CnXCnYCnZCn (SEQ ID NO.

Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful for spatiotemporally mapping intra-endosmal thiol disulphide exchange. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a composition comprising a first nucleic acid conjugated to a normalization moiety; and a second nucleic acid conjugated to a catalytic substrate; wherein reaction of the substrate with a catalyst produces a detectable product; and wherein the first and second nucleic acids are complementary or substantially complementary. Further aspects relate to a composition comprising: a first nucleic acid conjugated to a normalization moiety and to a catalytic substrate; and a second nucleic acid; wherein reaction of the substrate with a catalyst produces a detectable product; and wherein the first and second nucleic acids are complementary or substantially complementary.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of multiplexing DNA sensors and optionally measuring pH in cell, a method of localizing DNA sensor in Golgi Network of scFv-Furin expressing cell and a method of identifying optimal location of fluorophore pair on the DNA sensor for multiplexing DNA sensors. The DNA sensors of the present disclosure follow independent cellular pathways and do not interact with or compromise functionality of another DNA sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to particular nucleotide sequences comprising of at least one stem and/or loop structure and which optionally bind fluorescent labels, for example DFHBI and a process for obtaining said sequences. The present disclosure also provides nucleic acid sensor for cAMP comprising reporter domain, communication module and target recognition domain. Further, the present disclosure provides for ratiometric sensors 10 for quantifying cAMP using the nucleic sensors of the instant invention. The instant disclosure further provides method for obtaining the sensors, method for detecting and measuring small molecules, such as cAMP using the sensors of the instant disclosure and kits thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful as i-switch pH reporters that have increased sensitivities as a pH reporter and have alternate pH reporting capacity ranges. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining pH comprising providing a nucleic acid complex comprising: a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence CnXCnYCnZCn (SEQ ID NO.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid-based molecular switches that respond to changes in pH. The switches may be used in DNA nanodevices. The switches may also act as sensors for measuring the pH of a sample, including cells, regions thereof, and whole organisms. The switch includes an A-motif that forms at acidic pH. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for measuring the pH of cells or regions thereof, such as vesicles, the nucleus, mitochondrial matrix, or the Golgi lumen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nucleic acid based sensor, comprising a sensing 5 module, a normalizing module and a targeting module. It also relates to a method of obtaining and targeting the sensor and its use to identify and optionally quantify a target in a specific cellular microenvironment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to particular nucleotide sequences comprising of at least one stem and/or loop structure and which optionally bind fluorescent labels, for example DFHBI and a process for obtaining said sequences. The present disclosure also provides nucleic acid sensor for cAMP comprising reporter domain, communication module and target recognition domain. Further, the present disclosure provides for ratiometric sensors 10 for quantifying cAMP using the nucleic sensors of the instant invention. The instant disclosure further provides method for obtaining the sensors, method for detecting and measuring small molecules, such as cAMP using the sensors of the instant disclosure and kits thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nucleic acid assembly (NAA), comprising sensor domain and handle domain; an assembly interfaceable motif (AIM) sequence optionally along with intracellular targeting motif (ITM) sequence; and an AIM-NAA complex. It also relates to a vector comprising assembly interfaceable motif sequence optionally along with intracellular targeting motif sequence and a cell comprising the vector. Further, the instant disclosure also provides a method to obtain the nucleic acid assembly, method of intracellular targeting and kit thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid-based molecular switches that respond to changes in pH. The switches may be used in DNA nanodevices. The switches may also act as sensors for measuring the pH of a sample, including cells, regions thereof, and whole organisms. The switch includes an A-motif that forms at acidic pH. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for measuring the pH of cells or regions thereof, such as vesicles, the nucleus, mitochondrial matrix, or the Golgi lumen.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid-based sensors for measuring the pH of a sample, including cells, regions thereof, and whole organisms. The sensor includes an I-switch that is triggered by protons, and which functions as a FRET-based pH sensor inside living cells and organisms. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for measuring the pH of a specific region of a cell, such as vesicles, the nucleus, mitochondrial matrix, or the Golgi lumen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of multiplexing DNA sensors and optionally measuring pH in cell, a method of localizing DNA sensor in Golgi Network of scFv-Furin expressing cell and a method of identifying optimal location of fluorophore pair on the DNA sensor for multiplexing DNA sensors. The DNA sensors of the present disclosure follow independent cellular pathways and do not interact with or compromise functionality of another DNA sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nucleic acid assembly (NAA), comprising sensor domain and handle domain; an assembly interfaceable motif (AIM) sequence optionally along with intracellular targeting motif (ITM) sequence; and an AIM-NAA complex. It also relates to a vector comprising assembly interfaceable motif sequence optionally along with intracellular targeting motif sequence and a cell comprising the vector. Further, the instant disclosure also provides a method to obtain the nucleic acid assembly, method of intracellular targeting and kit thereof.