Abstract: A Critical Dimensions Scanning Electron Microscope (CD-SEM) is described that comprises a unit for performing CD-SEM measurements of a semiconductor wafer, a BSE imaging unit for obtaining a Grey Level image (GL) of the wafer, and a unit for GL analysis and for processing the GL analysis results with reference to results of the CD-measurements.

Abstract: A method for image processing includes providing a microscopic image of a structure fabricated on a substrate and computer-aided design (CAD) data used in fabricating the structure. The microscopic image is processed by a computer so as to generate a first directionality map, which includes, for a matrix of points in the microscopic image, respective directionality vectors corresponding to magnitudes and directions of edges at the points irrespective of a sign of the magnitudes. The CAD data are processed by the computer so as to produce a simulated image based on the CAD data and to generate a second directionality map based on the simulated image. The first and second directionality maps are compared by the computer so as to register the microscopic image with the CAD data.

Abstract: A Critical Dimensions Scanning Electron Microscope (CD-SEM) is described that comprises a unit for performing CD-SEM measurements of a semiconductor wafer, a BSE imaging unit for obtaining a Grey Level image (GL) of the wafer, and a unit for GL analysis and for processing the GL analysis results with reference to results of the CD-measurements.

Abstract: A method for image processing includes providing a microscopic image of a structure fabricated on a substrate and computer-aided design (CAD) data used in fabricating the structure. The microscopic image is processed by a computer so as to generate a first directionality map, which includes, for a matrix of points in the microscopic image, respective directionality vectors corresponding to magnitudes and directions of edges at the points irrespective of a sign of the magnitudes. The CAD data are processed by the computer so as to produce a simulated image based on the CAD data and to generate a second directionality map based on the simulated image. The first and second directionality maps are compared by the computer so as to register the microscopic image with the CAD data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detection of abnormal motion in video stream, having a training phase for defining normal motion and a detection phase for detecting abnormal motions in the video stream is provided. Motion is detected according to motion vectors and motion features extracted from video frames.

Abstract: A CD metrology system and method of classifying similar structural elements. The method includes: a) obtaining an image of the semiconductor structure; b) identifying sufficient numbers of structural elements belonging to first and second groups of similar structural elements, each group originating from a different manufacturing stage; c) assessing to each given structural element within the sufficient numbers of structural elements belonging to the first and second groups, one or more features indicative of a respective manufacturing stage, wherein values of the respective features are derived from the obtained image and; d) using results of the assessment for a classification decision related to manufacturing stages and, respectively, originating therefrom structural elements in the first and second groups of similar structural elements.

Abstract: A CD metrology system and method of classifying similar structural elements. The method includes: a) obtaining an image of the semiconductor structure; b) identifying sufficient numbers of structural elements belonging to first and second groups of similar structural elements, each group originating from a different manufacturing stage; c) assessing to each given structural element within the sufficient numbers of structural elements belonging to the first and second groups, one or more features indicative of a respective manufacturing stage, wherein values of the respective features are derived from the obtained image and; d) using results of the assessment for a classification decision related to manufacturing stages and, respectively, originating therefrom structural elements in the first and second groups of similar structural elements.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detection of abnormal motion in video stream, comprising a training phase for defining normal motion and a detection phase for detecting abnormal motions in the video stream. Motion is detected according to motion vectors and motion features extracted from video frames.