Abstract: The disclosure discloses a preparation method and application of a non-noble metal single atom catalyst, and belongs to the technical fields of chemistry, chemical engineering and material science. According to the disclosure, cheap raw materials and simple method are used to prepare the single atom catalyst. In essence, metal is anchored on light-absorbing carrier in a single atom form under irradiation to produce the single atom catalyst. In the disclosure, the non-noble metal single atom catalyst is prepared by using a photochemical synthetic route for the first time. The single atom catalyst synthesized in the disclosure is dispersed on the surface of photoactive substance. Using nickel single atom as a co-catalyst in photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen, the cost is low and the catalytic efficiency is greatly improved compared with other types of non-noble metal modified composite photocatalysts.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a preparation method and application of a non-noble metal single atom catalyst, and belongs to the technical fields of chemistry, chemical engineering and material science. According to the disclosure, cheap raw materials and simple method are used to prepare the single atom catalyst. In essence, metal is anchored on light-absorbing carrier in a single atom form under irradiation to produce the single atom catalyst. In the disclosure, the non-noble metal single atom catalyst is prepared by using a photochemical synthetic route for the first time. The single atom catalyst synthesized in the disclosure is dispersed on the surface of photoactive substance. Using nickel single atom as a co-catalyst in photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen, the cost is low and the catalytic efficiency is greatly improved compared with other types of non-noble metal modified composite photocatalysts.

Abstract: In some implementations of this invention, the performance of a network of reinforcement learning agents is maximized by optimizing the communication topology between the agents for the communication of gradients, weights or rewards. For instance, a sparse Erdos-Renyi network may be employed, and network density may be selected in such a way as to maximize reachability and to minimize homogeneity. In some cases, a sparse network topology is employed for massively distributed learning, such as across entire fleets of autonomous vehicles or mobile phones that learn from each other instead of requiring a master to coordinate learning.

Abstract: In some implementations of this invention, the performance of a network of reinforcement learning agents is maximized by optimizing the communication topology between the agents for the communication of gradients, weights or rewards. For instance, a sparse Erdos-Renyi network may be employed, and network density may be selected in such a way as to maximize reachability and to minimize homogeneity. In some cases, a sparse network topology is employed for massively distributed learning, such as across entire fleets of autonomous vehicles or mobile phones that learn from each other instead of requiring a master to coordinate learning.

Abstract: In some implementations of this invention, the performance of a network of reinforcement learning agents is maximized by optimizing the communication topology between the agents for the communication of gradients, weights or rewards. For instance, a sparse Erdos-Renyi network may be employed, and network density may be selected in such a way as to maximize reachability and to minimize homogeneity. In some cases, a sparse network topology is employed for massively distributed learning, such as across entire fleets of autonomous vehicles or mobile phones that learn from each other instead of requiring a master to coordinate learning.

Abstract: In some implementations of this invention, the performance of a network of reinforcement learning agents is maximized by optimizing the communication topology between the agents for the communication of gradients, weights or rewards. For instance, a sparse Erdos-Renyi network may be employed, and network density may be selected in such a way as to maximize reachability and to minimize homogeneity. In some cases, a sparse network topology is employed for massively distributed learning, such as across entire fleets of autonomous vehicles or mobile phones that learn from each other instead of requiring a master to coordinate learning.

Abstract: A two-phase electro-mechanical stepper motor has a first and second rotor fixed on a shaft. Permanent magnets are mounted on each of the rotors. The magnets each have several north and south pole magnet regions that are oriented such that the magnet's north and south pole magnet regions are misaligned with respect to the other magnet's north and south pole magnet regions. A first and second stator are mounted around the shaft and positioned adjacent to the permanent magnets. The stators have coils that are wrapped around poles to allow the formation of electromagnets by passing electrical current through the wire coils. A gear train is positioned between the first and second rotors to obtain a higher torque output.

Abstract: A two-phase electro-mechanical stepper motor having 1) a high ratio of torque per mass and torque per power draw, to be able to develop required rotating torque, 2) a magnetic circuit that allows developing of a significant holding torque while using a limited amount of electric power, and 3) two disk rotors positioned on either side of the stator with aligned poles. The actuator has a shaft extending into the actuator, and a first and second rotor, each fixedly mounted on the shaft, and each having a permanent magnet mounted thereon in opposing fashion. Additionally, there is a stator, loosely mounted around the shaft and positioned between the opposing permanent magnets, and having at least a first and second pole extending toward the first and second rotors respectively.

Abstract: An actuator for opening and closing a valve with less resistance. The actuator includes a rotor, a stator, a valve and a shaft. The shaft having a first and second end, and an axis extending longitudinally therethrough. The stator, having an electromagnet mounted thereon, and circumferentially mounted around the shaft that extends therethrough. The rotor, fixedly mounted circumferentially around the first end, and having a permanent magnet mounted adjacent to the electromagnet and spaced a first distance therefrom. The valve including a rotary valve and valve seat. The rotary valve, mounted circumferentially around and near the second end, having a valve opening therein. The valve seat, mounted adjacent the rotary valve, having a seat valve opening therein, and fixedly attached to the stator.

Abstract: A motor and a rotatable single phase electromagnetic actuator that has a self aligning shaft that allows for misalignment of actuator parts that would lead to excessive bearing surface wearing. Additionally, the actuator has a rotor, having a first rotor surface; a stator, having a slanted bearing surface opposed the first rotor surface; and a bearing device, mounted on and between the first rotor surface and the slanted bearing surface, positioned and shaped to separate the rotor from the stator and to self align on the slanted bearing surface in a position that substantially evenly distributes bearing loading on the bearing device.

Abstract: A rotatable axial thrust bearing having an upper race upper race flat region and an upper race rounded ball bearing retainer section; a lower race having a lower race flat region and a lower race rounded ball bearing retainer section; an annular retainer for retaining the ball bearing and the lower and upper race without interfering with the lower race when the lower race is placed on a sloped surface. The annular retainer is made up of an upper race retainer lock portion and an outer ball bearing retainer portion positioned on an outer periphery of the thrust bearing. The annular retainer additionally consists of a lower race retainer lock, and an inner ball bearing retainer portion positioned on an inner periphery of the thrust bearing.