Abstract: An adaptive controller used in a photoplethysmography sensing system, comprises a plurality of hardware circuits which are configured to: receive a photoplethysmography signal (hereinafter, “PPG signal”) processed; determine whether the PPG signal processed satisfies with a requirement; output the PPG signal processed if the PPG signal processed satisfies with a requirement; and adjust a gain of an amplifier for amplifying the PPG signal and/or a driving signal of a light source if the PPG signal processed does not satisfy with a requirement.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package structure includes the steps of providing a lead frame having a die pad, plural leads and at least one structure enhancement element. A chip is then disposed on the die pad and plural bonding wires are formed to electrically connect the chip to the leads. Then, an upper encapsulant and a first lower encapsulant are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of the lead frame, respectively. The first lower encapsulant has plural concaves to expose the structure enhancement element. Finally, the structure enhancement element is etched with use of the first lower encapsulant as an etching mask until the die pad and one of the leads connected by the structure enhancement element, or two of the adjacent leads connected thereby are electrically insulated.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package is provided. A thin metal plate having a first protrusion part, a second protrusion part and a plurality of third protrusion parts are provided. A chip is disposed on the thin metal plate, and a plurality of bonding wires for electrically connecting the chip to the second protrusion part and the second protrusion part to the third protrusion parts is formed. An upper encapsulant and a lower encapsulant are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the thin metal plate respectively. The lower encapsulant has a plurality of recesses for exposing a portion of the thin metal plate at locations where the first protrusion part, the second protrusion part and the third protrusion parts are connected to one another. Finally, the thin metal plate is etched by using the lower encapsulant as an etching mask.

Abstract: A chip package structure includes a chip, a lead frame, first and second bonding wires, an upper encapsulant, a first lower encapsulant, and a second lower encapsulant. The chip has an active surface, a back surface, and chip bonding pads disposed on the active surface. The lead frame having an upper surface and a lower surface includes a die pad, leads, and at least a bus bar. The back surface of the chip is adhered to the die pad. The leads surround the die pad. The bus bar is disposed between the die pad and the leads. The first bonding wires are connected to the chip bonding pads and the bus bar. The second bonding wires are connected to the bus bar and the leads. The upper encapsulant encapsulates the upper surface of the lead frame, the chip, the first bonding wires, and the second bonding wires.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package structure includes the steps of providing a lead frame having a die pad, plural leads and at least one structure enhancement element. A chip is then disposed on the die pad and plural bonding wires are formed to electrically connect the chip to the leads. Then, an upper encapsulant and a first lower encapsulant are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of the lead frame, respectively. The first lower encapsulant has plural concaves to expose the structure enhancement element. Finally, the structure enhancement element is etched with use of the first lower encapsulant as an etching mask until the die pad and one of the leads connected by the structure enhancement element, or two of the adjacent leads connected thereby are electrically insulated.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package is provided. A thin metal plate having a first protrusion part, a second protrusion part and a plurality of third protrusion parts are provided. A chip is disposed on the thin metal plate, and a plurality of bonding wires for electrically connecting the chip to the second protrusion part and the second protrusion part to the third protrusion parts is formed. An upper encapsulant and a lower encapsulant are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the thin metal plate respectively. The lower encapsulant has a plurality of recesses for exposing a portion of the thin metal plate at locations where the first protrusion part, the second protrusion part and the third protrusion parts are connected to one another. Finally, the thin metal plate is etched by using the lower encapsulant as an etching mask.

Abstract: A chip package structure includes a chip, a lead frame, first and second bonding wires, an upper encapsulant, a first lower encapsulant, and a second lower encapsulant. The chip has an active surface, a back surface, and chip bonding pads disposed on the active surface. The lead frame having an upper surface and a lower surface includes a die pad, leads, and at least a bus bar. The back surface of the chip is adhered to the die pad. The leads surround the die pad. The bus bar is disposed between the die pad and the leads. The first bonding wires are connected to the chip bonding pads and the bus bar. The second bonding wires are connected to the bus bar and the leads. The upper encapsulant encapsulates the upper surface of the lead frame, the chip, the first bonding wires, and the second bonding wires.

Abstract: A chip package structure mainly including a substrate, a chip and a lead frame is provided. The chip is disposed on the substrate, and is electrically connected to the chip by flip-chip or wire-bonding technique. The chip is electrically connected to the lead frame through a redistribution layer on the substrate. Therefore, a problem that the bonding wires may collapse due to a longer distance between the chip and the lead frame may be resolved, thus improving the yield rate thereof.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package is provided. A thin metal plate having a first protrusion part, a second protrusion part and a plurality of third protrusion parts are provided. A chip is disposed on the thin metal plate, and a plurality of bonding wires for electrically connecting the chip to the second protrusion part and the second protrusion part to the third protrusion parts is formed. An upper encapsulant and a lower encapsulant are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the thin metal plate respectively. The lower encapsulant has a plurality of recesses for exposing a portion of the thin metal plate at locations where the first protrusion part, the second protrusion part and the third protrusion parts are connected to one another. Finally, the thin metal plate is etched by using the lower encapsulant as an etching mask.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package structure includes the steps of providing a metal thin plate having a first protrusion part, a second protrusion part and a plurality of third protrusion parts. A chip is then disposed on the metal thin plate and a plurality of bonding wires is formed to electrically connect the chip to the second protrusion part and connect the second protrusion part to the third protrusion parts. Next, an upper encapsulant and a lower encapsulant are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of the metal thin plate, respectively. Thereafter, an etching mask is formed on the lower surface and exposes the connections among the protrusion parts. Finally, the metal thin plate is etched, such that the first protrusion part, the second protrusion part and the third protrusion parts form a die pad, a bus bar and leads of a lead frame, respectively.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package structure includes the steps of providing a lead frame having a die pad, plural leads and at least one structure enhancement element. A chip is then disposed on the die pad and plural bonding wires are formed to electrically connect the chip to the leads. Then, an upper encapsulant and a first lower encapsulant are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of the lead frame, respectively. The first lower encapsulant has plural concaves to expose the structure enhancement element. Finally, the structure enhancement element is etched with use of the first lower encapsulant as an etching mask until the die pad and one of the leads connected by the structure enhancement element, or two of the adjacent leads connected thereby are electrically insulated.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a chip package structure includes the steps of providing a lead frame having a die pad, plural leads and at least one structure enhancement element. A chip is then disposed on the die pad and plural bonding wires are formed to electrically connect the chip to the leads. Then, an upper encapsulant and a first lower encapsulant are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface of the lead frame, respectively. The first lower encapsulant has plural concaves to expose the structure enhancement element. Finally, the structure enhancement element is etched with use of the first lower encapsulant as an etching mask until the die pad and one of the leads connected by the structure enhancement element, or two of the adjacent leads connected thereby are electrically insulated.

Abstract: A chip package structure including a chip, a lead frame, first bonding wires and second bonding wires is provided. The chip has an active surface, a back surface and bonding pads disposed on the active surface. The lead frame includes a die pad, an insulating layer, transfer bonding pads and inner leads. The back surface of the chip is fixed on the die pad. The insulating layer is disposed on the die pad outside the chip. The transfer bonding pads are disposed on the insulating layer. The first bonding wires are respectively connected to the bonding pads and the transfer bonding pads. The second bonding wires are respectively connected to the transfer bonding pads and the inner leads. The chip package structure has smaller volume and a higher yield rate.

Abstract: A chip package structure including a chip, a leadframe, multiple bonding wires and an encapsulant is provided. The chip has an active surface and multiple contacts. The contacts are located on one side of the active surface. The chip is fixed under the leadframe. The leadframe has multiple first inner leads located on the active surface, and multiple second leads, wherein one end of each first inner lead and one end of each second inner lead are at near outside of one of the contacts. The bonding wires respectively connect the first inner leads and the second inner leads to the contacts. The encapsulant wraps the chip, the first inner leads, the second inner leads and the bonding wires. Because the contacts are located on one side of the active surface, the possibility of collapse of the bonding wires is reduced.

Abstract: A chip package structure including a lead frame, at least one first bonding wire, at least one second bonding wire, third bonding wires and an encapsulant is provided. The lead frame includes a die pad, inner leads and at least one bus bar, wherein the bus bar is disposed therebetween and has a down-set with a height difference from the inner leads. The inner leads are disposed around the die pad. The chip disposed on the die pad has at least one first contact and second contacts. The first bonding wire electrically connects the first contact to the bus bar. The second bonding wire electrically connects the bus bar to one of the inner leads. The third bonding wires electrically connect the other of the inner leads to the second contacts. The lead frame, the chip, the bonding wires are wrapped inside the encapsulant.

Abstract: A chip package structure including a lead frame, at least one first bonding wire, at least one second bonding wire, third bonding wires and an encapsulant is provided. The lead frame includes a die pad, inner leads and at least one bus bar, wherein the bus bar is disposed therebetween and has a down-set with a height difference from the inner leads. The inner leads are disposed around the die pad. The chip disposed on the die pad has at least one first contact and second contacts. The first bonding wire electrically connects the first contact to the bus bar. The second bonding wire electrically connects the bus bar to one of the inner leads. The third bonding wires electrically connect the other of the inner leads to the second contacts. The lead frame, the chip, the bonding wires are wrapped inside the encapsulant.