Abstract: The invention discloses a physically unclonable structural-color anti-counterfeiting label with artificial intelligence (AI) authentication, which is formed by doping micron-sized particles into disorderedly arranged monodisperse submicron-sized particles and coating onto a black substrate; alternatively, by doping micron-sized particles and black nanoparticles into disorderedly arranged monodisperse submicron-sized particles and coating onto a substrate. The disordered arrangement of monodisperse submicron-sized microspheres has a special effect on light to make the anti-counterfeiting label show a specific structural color. AI is used to learn the anti-counterfeiting label images obtained from an optical microscope and memorize their structural characteristics to form an anti-counterfeiting label database.