Abstract: A robotic surgical tool includes a drive housing having a first end, a second end, and a lead screw extending between the first and second ends, a carriage movably mounted to the lead screw at a carriage nut secured to the carriage, and an elongate shaft extending from the carriage and extending through the first end, the shaft having an end effector arranged at a distal end thereof. Rotation of the lead screw moves the carriage and the carriage nut axially between the first and second ends and thereby moves the end effector distally or proximally.

Abstract: A robotically enabled teleoperated system can include a controller and an instrument capable of manipulation by the controller. The instrument can be a medical instrument. The controller can include a handle configured for actuation by an operator. The handle can be attached to a gimbal configured to allow manipulation of the handle in multiple rotational degrees of freedom. The gimbal can include a load cell. The gimbal can be configured for impedance control. The controller can also include a positioning platform coupled to the gimbal and configured to allow manipulation of the handle in multiple positional degrees of freedom. The controller can be configured for admittance control based at least in part on an output signal of the load cell in the gimbal.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for optimizing the configuration of a robotic system by moving the links of the system in a null space to minimize a cost function. The null space being defined by the desired set of end effector pose. The cost function may be evaluated by computing the distance of the links from various avoidance zones. The avoidance zones are associated with collisions and joint limit conditions. The systems and techniques may specifically relate to a system wherein the optimization includes movement of an arm support. The system may be employed pre-operatively or intraoperatively to minimize collisions and joint limit event during the course of a procedure. The system may be used at intervals. The system may be used each time the end effectors are commanded into a new pose.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to a robotic surgery system, including a robotic arm with a base, a proximal portion and a distal portion. A tool driver is detachably coupled to a medical instrument and the tool driver is coupled with the distal portion of the robotic arm. A load cell is positioned between the proximal portion and the distal portion such that the load cell supports the distal portion and the tool driver. The load cell is configured to detect forces that interact with the distal portion or the tool driver to enhance user control of the robotic arm and/or the safe operation of the robotic arm.

Abstract: The systems and methods disclosed herein are directed to robotically controlling a medical device to utilize manual skills and techniques developed by surgeons. The system can include an emulator representing a medical device. The system can include at least one detector configured to track the emulator. The system can also include an imaging device configured to track the medical device. The system may be configured to move the medical device to reduce an alignment offset between the location of the emulator and the location of the medical device, to move the imaging device based on the translational movement of the emulator, and/or to move the medical device based on data indicative of an orientation of the emulator.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to admittance control modes for a robotic surgery system. The admittance control modes can be based on detecting and/or measuring forces (rotational and/or nonrotational) on a robotic arm and moving the robotic arm in response to such interactions. The forces can include direct manual interaction with the robotic arm by a clinician. The movement of the robotic arm can be within a nullspace that maintains the positions of a medical instrument.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for medical robotic systems that leverage a versatile, open kinematic chain together with a set of medical-procedure-specific software-controlled actuation constraints in order to perform a variety of medical procedures. The robotic system can be operated in a first mode by identifying a remote center and constraining the actuation of motorized joints to maintain intersection of at least an insertion axis with the remote center. The robotic system can be operated in a second mode by identifying a virtual rail position and constraining the actuation of motorized joints to maintain alignment of the insertion axis along the virtual rail.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system can include one or more adjustable arm supports that support one or more robotic arms. The adjustable arm supports and/or robotic arms can be configured to be deployed from low mount positions, for example, from positions below the surface of the table. The robotic arms can include a plurality of joints providing a plurality of degrees of freedom. The joints may be grouped into a proximal shoulder, an elbow, and a distal wrist. The robotic arms can include one or more redundant degrees of freedom. An insertion mechanism, associated with the robotic arm and configured for providing insertion of an instrument along an assertion axis, can be provided at a distal end of the robotic arms.

Abstract: The systems and methods disclosed herein are directed to robotically controlling a medical device to utilize manual skills and techniques developed by surgeons. The system may comprise an emulator representing a medical device. The system may comprise at least one detector configured to track the emulator. The system may further comprise an imaging device configured to track the medical device. The system may be configured to move the medical device to reduce an alignment offset between the location of the emulator and the location of the medical device, to move the imaging device based on the translational movement of the emulator, and/or to move the medical device based on data indicative of an orientation of the emulator.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for medical robotic systems that leverage a versatile, open kinematic chain together with a set of medical-procedure-specific software-controlled actuation constraints in order to perform a variety of medical procedures. The robotic system can be operated in a first mode by identifying a remote center and constraining the actuation of motorized joints to maintain intersection of at least an insertion axis with the remote center. The robotic system can be operated in a second mode by identifying a virtual rail position and constraining the actuation of motorized joints to maintain alignment of the insertion axis along the virtual rail.

Abstract: Systems and methods for collision detection and avoidance are provided. In one aspect, a robotic medical system including a first set of links, a second set of links, a console configured to receive input commanding motion of the first set of links and the second set of links, a processor, and at least one computer-readable memory in communication with the processor. The processor is configured to access the model of the first set of links and the second set of links, control movement of the first set of links and the second set of links based on the input received by the console, determine a distance between the first set of links and the second set of links based on the model, and prevent a collision between the first set of links and the second set of links based on the determined distance.

Abstract: Systems and methods for collision detection and avoidance are provided. In one aspect, a robotic medical system including a first set of links, a second set of links, a console configured to receive input commanding motion of the first set of links and the second set of links, a processor, and at least one computer-readable memory in communication with the processor. The processor is configured to access the model of the first set of links and the second set of links, control movement of the first set of links and the second set of links based on the input received by the console, determine a distance between the first set of links and the second set of links based on the model, and prevent a collision between the first set of links and the second set of links based on the determined distance.

Abstract: Systems and methods for collision detection and avoidance are provided. In one aspect, a robotic medical system including a first set of links, a second set of links, a console configured to receive input commanding motion of the first set of links and the second set of links, a processor, and at least one computer-readable memory in communication with the processor. The processor is configured to access the model of the first set of links and the second set of links, control movement of the first set of links and the second set of links based on the input received by the console, determine a distance between the first set of links and the second set of links based on the model, and prevent a collision between the first set of links and the second set of links based on the determined distance.

Abstract: Systems and methods for kinematic optimization with shared robotic degrees-of-freedom are provided. In one aspect, a robotic medical system includes a base, an adjustable arm support coupled to the base, and at least one robotic arm coupled to the adjustable arm support. The at least one robotic arm is further configured to be coupled to a medical tool that is configured to be delivered through an incision or natural orifice of a patient. The system further includes a processor configured to adjust a position of the adjustable arm support and the at least one robotic arm while maintaining a remote center of movement of the tool.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system can include one or more adjustable arm supports that support one or more robotic arms. The adjustable arm supports and/or robotic arms can be configured to be deployed from low mount positions, for example, from positions below the surface of the table. The robotic arms can include a plurality of joints providing a plurality of degrees of freedom. The joints may be grouped into a proximal shoulder, an elbow, and a distal wrist. The robotic arms can include one or more redundant degrees of freedom. An insertion mechanism, associated with the robotic arm and configured for providing insertion of an instrument along an assertion axis, can be provided at a distal end of the robotic arms.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for alignment and docking of robotic arm of a robotic system for surgery. In one aspect, the system includes a robotic arm, a drive mechanism attached to the robotic arm, and a cannula. The system may further include a first sensor coupled to either the robotic arm or the drive mechanism configured to direct automatic movement of the robotic arm towards the cannula, and a second sensor, that is different than the first sensor, coupled to either the robotic arm or the drive mechanism configured to direct manual movement of the robotic arm towards the cannula.

Abstract: Provided are systems and techniques for providing multiple perspectives during medical procedures. In one aspect, a method includes positioning a plurality of cannulas in a plurality of anatomical quadrants of a patient, inserting first and second surgical tools coupled to corresponding robotic arms into the respective cannulas. The method may include inserting an articulatable camera coupled to another robotic arm into another of the cannulas, where the articulatable camera is capable of showing a first view including the first surgical tool in a first anatomical quadrant and articulating to show a second view including the second surgical tool in a second anatomical quadrant. The method may further involve performing a surgical procedure in at least one of the first anatomical quadrant or the second anatomical quadrant.

Abstract: Provided are systems and techniques for providing multiple perspectives during medical procedures. In one aspect, a method includes positioning a plurality of cannulas in a plurality of anatomical quadrants of a patient, inserting first and second surgical tools coupled to corresponding robotic arms into the respective cannulas. The method may include inserting an articulatable camera coupled to another robotic arm into another of the cannulas, where the articulatable camera is capable of showing a first view including the first surgical tool in a first anatomical quadrant and articulating to show a second view including the second surgical tool in a second anatomical quadrant. The method may further involve performing a surgical procedure in at least one of the first anatomical quadrant or the second anatomical quadrant.

Abstract: Provided are systems and techniques for providing multiple perspectives during medical procedures. In one aspect, a method includes positioning a plurality of cannulas in a plurality of anatomical quadrants of a patient, inserting first and second surgical tools coupled to corresponding robotic arms into the respective cannulas. The method may include inserting an articulatable camera coupled to another robotic arm into another of the cannulas, where the articulatable camera is capable of showing a first view including the first surgical tool in a first anatomical quadrant and articulating to show a second view including the second surgical tool in a second anatomical quadrant. The method may further involve performing a surgical procedure in at least one of the first anatomical quadrant or the second anatomical quadrant.

Abstract: A robotically enabled teleoperated system can include a controller and an instrument capable of manipulation by the controller. The instrument can be a medical instrument. The controller can include a handle configured for actuation by an operator. The handle can be attached to a gimbal configured to allow manipulation of the handle in multiple rotational degrees of freedom. The gimbal can include a load cell. The gimbal can be configured for impedance control. The controller can also include a positioning platform coupled to the gimbal and configured to allow manipulation of the handle in multiple positional degrees of freedom. The controller can be configured for admittance control based at least in part on an output signal of the load cell in the gimbal.