Abstract: A method and apparatus for bonding semiconductor devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method may include attaching a first die to a flip head of a flip module, flipping the first die with the flip module, removing the first die from the flip module after flipping the first die, inspecting the flip head of the flip module for contamination after removing the first die, cleaning the flip head with an in situ cleaning module after inspecting the flip head, and attaching a second die to the flip head after cleaning the flip head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bonding semiconductor devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method may include attaching a first die to a flip head of a flip module, flipping the first die with the flip module, removing the first die from the flip module after flipping the first die, inspecting the flip head of the flip module for contamination after removing the first die, cleaning the flip head with an in situ cleaning module after inspecting the flip head, and attaching a second die to the flip head after cleaning the flip head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bonding semiconductor devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method may include attaching a first die to a flip head of a flip module, flipping the first die with the flip module, removing the first die from the flip module after flipping the first die, inspecting the flip head of the flip module for contamination after removing the first die, cleaning the flip head with an in situ cleaning module after inspecting the flip head, and attaching a second die to the flip head after cleaning the flip head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bonding semiconductor devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method may include attaching a first die to a flip head of a flip module, flipping the first die with the flip module, removing the first die from the flip module after flipping the first die, inspecting the flip head of the flip module for contamination after removing the first die, cleaning the flip head with an in situ cleaning module after inspecting the flip head, and attaching a second die to the flip head after cleaning the flip head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bonding semiconductor devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method may include attaching a first die to a flip head of a flip module, flipping the first die with the flip module, removing the first die from the flip module after flipping the first die, inspecting the flip head of the flip module for contamination after removing the first die, cleaning the flip head with an in situ cleaning module after inspecting the flip head, and attaching a second die to the flip head after cleaning the flip head.

Abstract: An interconnection structure and method disclosed for providing an interconnection structure that includes conductive features having reduced topographic variations. The interconnection structure includes a contact pad disposed over a substrate. The contact pad includes a first layer of a first conductive material and a second layer of a second conductive material over the first layer. The first conductive material and the second conductive material are made of substantially the same material and have a first average grain size and a second average grain size that is smaller than the first average grain size. The interconnection structure also includes a passivation layer covering the substrate and the contact pad, and the passivation layer has an opening exposing the contact pad.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and designs of enclosed-channel reactor system for manufacturing catalysts or supports. Both of the configuration designs force the gaseous precursors and purge gas flow through the channel surface of reactor. The precursors will transform to thin film or particle catalysts or supports under adequate reaction temperature, working pressure and gas concentration. The reactor body is either sealed or enclosed for isolation from atmosphere. Another method using super ALD cycles is also proposed to grow alloy catalysts or supports with controllable concentration. The catalysts prepared by the method and system in the present invention are noble metals, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium, or transition metals such as iron, silver, cobalt, nickel and tin, while supports are silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide or magnesium oxide, or refractory metals, which can be chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum.

Abstract: An interconnection structure and method disclosed for providing an interconnection structure that includes conductive features having reduced topographic variations. The interconnection structure includes a contact pad disposed over a substrate. The contact pad includes a first layer of a first conductive material and a second layer of a second conductive material over the first layer. The first conductive material and the second conductive material are made of substantially the same material and have a first average grain size and a second average grain size that is smaller than the first average grain size. The interconnection structure also includes a passivation layer covering the substrate and the contact pad, and the passivation layer has an opening exposing the contact pad.

Abstract: An interconnection structure and method disclosed for providing an interconnection structure that includes conductive features having reduced topographic variations. The interconnection structure includes a contact pad disposed over a substrate. The contact pad includes a first layer of a first conductive material and a second layer of a second conductive material over the first layer. The first conductive material and the second conductive material are made of substantially the same material and have a first average grain size and a second average grain size that is smaller than the first average grain size. The interconnection structure also includes a passivation layer covering the substrate and the contact pad, and the passivation layer has an opening exposing the contact pad.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and designs of enclosed-channel reactor system for manufacturing catalysts or supports. Both of the configuration designs force the gaseous precursors and purge gas flow through the channel surface of reactor. The precursors will transform to thin film or particle catalysts or supports under adequate reaction temperature, working pressure and gas concentration. The reactor body is either sealed or enclosed for isolation from atmosphere. Another method using super ALD cycles is also proposed to grow alloy catalysts or supports with controllable concentration. The catalysts prepared by the method and system in the present invention are noble metals, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium, or transition metals such as iron, silver, cobalt, nickel and tin, while supports are silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide or magnesium oxide, or refractory metals, which can be chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and designs of enclosed-channel reactor system for manufacturing catalysts or supports. Both of the configuration designs force the gaseous precursors and purge gas flow through the channel surface of reactor. The precursors will transform to thin film or particle catalysts or supports under adequate reaction temperature, working pressure and gas concentration. The reactor body is either sealed or enclosed for isolation from atmosphere. Another method using super ALD cycles is also proposed to grow alloy catalysts or supports with controllable concentration. The catalysts prepared by the method and system in the present invention are noble metals, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium, or transition metals such as iron, silver, cobalt, nickel and tin, while supports are silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide or magnesium oxide, or refractory metals, which can be chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum.

Abstract: An interconnection structure and method disclosed for providing an interconnection structure that includes conductive features having reduced topographic variations. The interconnection structure includes a contact pad disposed over a substrate. The contact pad includes a first layer of a first conductive material and a second layer of a second conductive material over the first layer. The first conductive material and the second conductive material are made of substantially the same material and have a first average grain size and a second average grain size that is smaller than the first average grain size. The interconnection structure also includes a passivation layer covering the substrate and the contact pad, and the passivation layer has an opening exposing the contact pad.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and designs of enclosed-channel reactor system for manufacturing catalysts or supports. Both of the configuration designs force the gaseous precursors and purge gas flow through the channel surface of reactor. The precursors will transform to thin film or particle catalysts or supports under adequate reaction temperature, working pressure and gas concentration. The reactor body is either sealed or enclosed for isolation from atmosphere. Another method using super ALD cycles is also proposed to grow alloy catalysts or supports with controllable concentration. The catalysts prepared by the method and system in the present invention are noble metals, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium, or transition metals such as iron, silver, cobalt, nickel and tin, while supports are silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide or magnesium oxide, or refractory metals, which can be chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum.