Abstract: A communication method includes triggering, by a first network element, device authentication on a terminal. The communication method also includes, in response to the device authentication on the terminal being successful, verifying, by the first network element based on a preset binding relationship, whether a device identifier of the terminal matches a user identity. The user identity identifies a user who uses the terminal to request a service from a network. The communication method further includes triggering, by the first network element based on a verification result, the network to determine whether to provide the service for the terminal.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, a system, and an apparatus. The method includes: A network device obtains at least one piece of location information based on at least one piece of first information in a plurality of pieces of information, where each piece of information corresponds to at least one terminal, and one piece of first information corresponds to the at least one piece of location information; and the network device determines at least one first location range based on the location information, where a terminal in the first location range receives and sends information abnormally. In embodiments of this application, an area in which the information is abnormally received and sent may be determined by detecting the information by the network device, and information receiving and sending of the terminal in the abnormal area may be further restricted.

Abstract: A secure communication method includes receiving, by a first network element, first information and a first signature from a network management network element. The first signature is generated based on a private key of the network management network element and the first information, and the first information is used to describe the first network element. The method also includes sending, by the first network element, the first information and the first signature to a certificate issuing network element. The first information is used to obtain a first certificate, and the first certificate is used to prove an identity of the first network element. The method further includes receiving, by the first network element, the first certificate from the certificate issuing network element.

Abstract: This application provides example key management methods and example communication apparatuses. In an example method, a terminal device obtains identification information of a first decryption network element in a local network. The terminal device obtains, based on the identification information and a mapping relationship, a first encryption key corresponding to the first decryption network element, where the mapping relationship indicates at least one decryption network element and an encryption key corresponding to each of the at least one decryption network element, and the at least one decryption network element includes the first decryption network element. The terminal device encrypts the user identity information by using the first encryption key, to obtain a hidden user identity. The terminal device sends a registration request to the local network through an access network device, where the registration request includes the hidden user identity.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: A network repository function network element receives a discovery request message including a type of a network element that requests to be discovered. The network repository function network element determines a second network element based on the type of the network element that requests to be discovered, and sends an identifier of a first dataset, a first token, and an identifier of the second network element to the first network element, where the first token authorizes the first network element to obtain the first dataset. According to the foregoing designs, the network repository function network element can provide, to the first network element, an identifier of a network element and information needed for obtaining the dataset, so that the first network element can determine, based on the dataset, whether to access the network element.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, to reduce a risk of user plane data exposure. In the communication method, after an IPsec connection is established between a first user plane network element and a terminal, the terminal or the first user plane network element may be used as an endpoint device on the IPsec connection. In this case, when transmission of user plane data protected by IPsec is performed between endpoint devices, an intermediate transmission device (for example, an access network device) located between the endpoint devices, that is, an access network device on the IPsec connection, may directly perform transparent transmission of the user plane data.

Abstract: This application relates to communication technologies, and provides a channel key-based encryption method and an apparatus, to resolve a problem that a terminal cannot avoid an attack from a false base station before a security mode is enabled, and a security risk. The method includes: A network device broadcasts a system information block, indicating that channel key generation is supported, where the system information block includes a preamble and a resource configuration of a physical random access channel; receives, on the physical random access channel, a first message from a user equipment, where the first message includes the preamble; sends a second message to the user equipment, where the second message includes configuration information of a first time-frequency resource; receives, on the first time-frequency resource, a third message from the user equipment; and performs channel measurement based on the third message, to obtain a channel key.

Abstract: This application pertains to the field of communication technologies, and provides a communication method and apparatus, to implement false base station detection. A false base station may attack a terminal in a denial of service manner, and consequently, the terminal cannot access the false base station after selecting the false base station, in other words, the terminal fails to set up a connection to a cell. In this case, if a first message indicates that a first terminal fails to set up a connection to a cell, it may be determined, based on the first message, that a false base station attack exists in the cell, to implement false base station detection.

Abstract: A data interaction method and a system are applied for a data interaction between a battery pack and a power tool sharing a same physical communication channel for communication. One of the battery pack and the power tool has at least one communication mode and the other has at least two communication modes. When interacting data, the battery pack and the power tool perform an initial handshake communication. When the handshake communication between the battery pack and the power tool fails, one of the battery pack and the power tool with two communication modes switches a current communication mode to another communication mode. The battery pack and the power tool perform a secondary handshake communication. After the secondary handshake communication between the battery pack and the power tool is successful, the battery pack and the power tool transmit data to each other.

Abstract: A combinable optical-fiber adapter assembly includes combinable optical-fiber adapters. A first optical-fiber adapter includes a first adapter body, and a first side wall of the first adapter body has first connection units. A second optical-fiber adapter includes a second adapter body, and a first side wall of the second adapter body has second connection units. The first connection units are assembled with the second connection units. In a one-to-one manner, each of the first connection units is docked with a corresponding one of the second connection units, so that two adjacent optical-fiber adapters can be assembled side-by-side. Optical-fiber cables are inserted into the optical-fiber adapter from one side of the optical-fiber adapter. The optical-fiber adapter has a reduced length.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for obtaining a security classification result and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A security function network element determines to perform security analytics on a target location area; and the security function network element determines a security classification result of the target location area based on first information, where the security classification result indicates a degree to which a potential attack exists in the target location area, the first information is related to behavior information of a terminal device in the target location area, and the behavior information includes traffic data and/or movement track information. According to this application, security analytics may be performed on a location area, to obtain a security classification result of the location area.

Abstract: Solutions for authenticating digital audio include: generating a first band-limited watermark using a first key, generating a second band-limited watermark using a second key, wherein the bandwidth of the second watermark does not overlap with the bandwidth of the first watermark; and embedding the first watermark and the second watermark into a segment of the digital audio file. Solutions also include determining a first watermark score of a segment of the digital audio file for the first watermark using the first key; determining a second watermark score of the segment of the digital audio file for the second watermark using the second key; based on at least the first watermark score and the second watermark score, determining a probability that the digital audio file is watermarked; and generating a report indicating whether the digital audio file is watermarked. In some examples, solutions may also embed and decode messages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a speech waveform. Fundamental frequency information, glottal features and vocal tract features associated with an input may be received, wherein the glottal features include a phase feature, a shape feature, and an energy feature (1310). A glottal waveform is generated based on the fundamental frequency information and the glottal features through a first neural network model (1320). A speech waveform is generated based on the glottal waveform and the vocal tract features through a second neural network model (1330).

Abstract: A combinable optical-fiber adapter assembly includes combinable optical-fiber adapters. A first optical-fiber adapter of the adapters has first connection units. A second optical-fiber adapter of the adapters has second connection units. The first connection units are assembled with the second connection units. In a one-to-one manner, the first connection unit on the front portion of the outer side surface of the first adapter body is docked with the second connection unit on the front portion of the outer side surface of the second adapter body adjacent to the first adapter body, and the first connection unit on the rear portion of the outer side surface of the first adapter body is docked with the second connection unit on the rear portion of the outer side surface of the second adapter body adjacent to the first adapter body, so that two adjacent optical-fiber adapters can be assembled side-by-side.

Abstract: A method and device for failure detection of vacuum sensor is disclosure. The method includes: S1: obtaining a first vacuum pressure when a brake pedal is validly stamped; S2: determining whether a braking action by the brake pedal is maintained, wherein next S3 is performed if yes, and a detection is stopped if not; S3: obtaining a second vacuum pressure when the brake pedal is validly released; and S4: determining whether the second vacuum pressure is within a variable range of the first vacuum pressure, wherein the vacuum sensor is determined to have failed if yes; and, the vacuum sensor is determined to have not failed. The disclosure performs a logical control, and determines whether the vacuum sensor is blockage or failure, thus safety in traffic is ensured, and accidents that the braking action fails due to the blockage or failure of the vacuum sensor is avoided.

Abstract: A lightweight modified filter material, a preparation method therefor and use thereof, the lightweight modified filter material being prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 75-100 parts of waste glass, 5-20 parts of a metal oxide modifier and 1-10 parts of a foamer. The lightweight modified filter material has the advantages of being lightweight, having large specific surface area, a high isoelectric point, porosity and the like, increasing the isoelectric point and service life of the filter material. The added metal oxide can be combined with SiO2 in the glass to form Si—O-Me (Me metal ions) and enter the glass network.

Abstract: A fiber optical connector includes a connector housing and an optical-fiber component. The connector housing comprises a receiving space. One end of the connector housing forms a connector opening communicating with the receiving space. Two side walls of the connector housing comprise a plurality of buckling portions adjacent to the connector opening. The optical-fiber component is positioned in the receiving space. The optical-fiber component comprises a sleeve piece. The sleeve piece comprises a block member and a threaded portion. The block member is assembled in the connector opening and the block member fully received inside the receiving space. Two sides of the block member respectively form an engaging portion. Each of the engaging portions is engaged with the corresponding buckling portion, and the threaded portion is exposed on the peripheral surface of a tail portion of the sleeve piece and out of the connector opening.