Abstract: An apparatus and method for audio level information recording/management and an audio output level adjustment can record or adjust in accordance with a recorded audio file level information. An audio file can be partitioned into a header information area, an audio data area, and a tag information area where audio file level information can be additionally recorded to indicate an output level of audio data to be reproduced. A digital audio system can check audio level information recorded in an audio file requested to be played and adjust the output level of audio data to be reproduced of the audio file on the basis of the checked audio level information additionally or in combination with a user entered audio volume level. Therefore, the output levels of audio data to be reproduced of respective audio files can be directly or automatically adjusted to a desired level.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting the output level of audio data to be reproduced can adjust any one of audio files of different types to a consistent or reference level prior to amplifying at a desired level (e.g., user selected volume). Therefore, digital audio systems and methods according to embodiments of the present invention can reproduce audio files of various types such as an MP3 audio type, MPEG2 audio type and AC3 audio type, and the output level of audio data to be reproduced of each of the audio files can be adjusted to a value corresponding to an audio volume level set by a user, which can prevent or reduce the output levels of the audio data from becoming different because of audio recording levels and recording formats of the audio files set in creation or recording processes thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication data transmission method considering the number of terminals requesting services. The present invention provides a wireless communication base station for use in a network where a multicast service is received from a network entity and is provided to at least one or more terminals in contention-based channel access mode of a wireless communication. The base station comprises a storage unit for storing terminal information including the number of terminals which have joined the multicast service, and a priority determining unit for setting a user priority of a data frame to be transmitted using the terminal information. According to the present invention, a priority of data to be transmitted is determined in consideration of the number of serviced terminals, and thus, the data can be reasonably transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless mobile communication system, and more particularly, to a method of transmitting data to mobile terminals in the wireless mobile communication system capable of transmitting multicast data. In order to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art, a method of transmitting data to mobile terminals in a mobile terminal communicating with a network through which multicast data are transmitted. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of transmitting a requesting frame to the network for requesting the multicast data when the start of a multicast service is recognized through an upper layer of the mobile terminal; receiving a response frame from the network in response to the request frame; and receiving the multicast data from the network.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling data communication in a wireless local area network (LAN) can check a remaining power level of a host computer battery and determine a data transmission characteristic such as a data transfer speed and/or power save mode period based on the checked battery power, and then adjust the current data transfer speed or power save mode period according to the determined value. For example, a controller of a wireless LAN can transmit information corresponding to the determined transmission characteristic to an access point or another station. Therefore, a station of the wireless LAN card can reduce or prevent power of the battery from being abruptly diminished because of use of the wireless LAN.

Abstract: A method is provided for installing a device driver capable of driving a peripheral device installed in a slot of a PC after receiving the device driver from a server located in a global network. When a PC card device, including a memory in which both a network address of a server providing the device's driver and information identifying the device driver have been stored, is inserted into a slot, network address and the device driver identifying information is read from the memory. Using this information, a request of a download of the device driver from the server with reference to the read-out information is made. The PC then receives the device driver downloaded from the server, and executes the received device driver to enable the peripheral device. With this method, no floppy disk need be supplied with the driver and the URL information is provided in the device, eliminating the need for installation and updating steps by the user.

Abstract: A probe card, an apparatus and a method of inspecting an object. In the example method, a first inspection current may be divided into a plurality of first divided inspection currents. Each of the first divided inspection currents may be supplied to a different one of a plurality of first chips. A second inspection current may be selectively applied to a second chip other than the first plurality of chips. In an example, the second inspection current may be substantially equal to at least one of the plurality of first divided inspection currents. In a further example, the example probe card and/or the apparatus may perform the example method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dual journaling storing method and a storage medium thereof, in which data are stored toward a central portion of a storage space of the storage medium from start and end locations when a flash memory or the like is used as a storage medium for storing/managing/processing data. One data is stored from a start location of the storage medium based an the journaling method, and another data is stored from an end location of the storage medium toward the start location.

Abstract: A method of demanding/supplying a necessary electric power through a self-adjusting process between two devices connected by a Universal Serial Bus (USB), removing the requirement of disconnecting and re-connecting cable lines in order to make a power demand again. A power supplying device first determines how much electric power is demanded by a demanding device, then sends the device a signal of impossible supply or the like if the demand can not be met. The supplying device also determines whether or not a new electric power demand can be supplied if the demanding device demands again, and the supplying device then supplies power to the demanding device if the demand can be met. A power demanding device demands an electric power from a supplying device connected through the USB. The connected power demanding device first reduces the demand if a signal of impossible supply or the like is received from the supplying device, then demands the reduced amount from the supplying device.

Abstract: The invention provides a user authentication method that allows selection of a level of user authentication for a remote control apparatus in accordance with an importance of the device to be controlled, and a remote control apparatus using this method. If a user inputs information for user authentication after having inputted a command for control of a controlled device, this information is compared with the corresponding user authentication information stored. If the user authentication is successful, it is determined whether a secondary authentication is required. If a secondary authentication is required, authentication data, as well as control data corresponding to the user's command, are transmitted to the controlled device. The controlled device operates in accordance with the received control data, if the authentication with the received authentication data was successful. The invention allows individual setting of a communication device for each controlled device.

Abstract: A method of demanding/supplying a necessary electric power through a self-adjusting process between two devices connected by a Universal Serial Bus (USB), removing the requirement of disconnecting and re-connecting cable lines in order to make a power demand again. A power supplying device first determines how much electric power is demanded by a demanding device, then sends the device a signal of impossible supply or the like if the demand can not be met. The supplying device also determines whether or not a new electric power demand can be supplied if the demanding device demands again, and the supplying device then supplies power to the demanding device if the demand can be met. A power demanding device demands an electric power from a supplying device connected through the USB. The connected power demanding device first reduces the demand if a signal of impossible supply or the like is received from the supplying device, then demands the reduced amount from the supplying device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of installing a device driver capable of driving a peripheral device installed in an slot of a PC after receiving the device driver from a server located in a global network. When a PC card device including a memory in which both a network address of a server providing the device's driver and information identifying the device driver have been stored is inserted into a slot, network address and the device driver identifying information is read from the memory. Using this information, a request of a download of the device driver from the server with reference to the read-out information is made. The PC then receives the device driver downloaded from the server, and executes the received device driver to enable the peripheral device. With this method, no floppy disk need be supplied with the driver and the URL information is continued in the device, eliminating installation and updating steps by the user.