Abstract: This application provides a method for identifying a terminal device and a communications apparatus. A core network element obtains classification information for classifying a terminal device, and then determines, based on the classification information and a parameter of a first terminal device, a type of the first terminal device, to identify the first terminal device. In this process, the core network element identifies the first terminal device in a supervision area by using the classification information and the parameter of the first terminal device, to identify a terminal device that is not registered in a supervision system, thereby improving security of the terminal device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a roaming data processing method and apparatus, and a system. The method is used to effectively collect data of a terminal in a roaming scenario. The method includes a first data analytics network element receiving, from a visited first network element, data of a terminal on the first network element, where the data includes first information and a first identifier, the first information is used to indicate that the terminal is roaming, and the first information includes any one or more of the following information corresponding to the terminal: a home PLMN identifier, a visited PLMN identifier, home area information, and visited area information.

Abstract: A policy determining method is disclosed, and includes: obtaining, based on a digital twin entity, first data and a label corresponding to the first data; and training, based on the first data and the label corresponding to the first data, to obtain an artificial intelligence AI model. The AI model is configured to obtain an air interface access policy and/or a user plane path selection policy of a plurality of terminal devices in a network or in an area. This helps resolve a problem of the air interface access policy and user plane path selection of the plurality of terminal devices in the network or in the area. This can further ensure that network energy consumption is the lowest when overall average service experience of the terminal devices reaches a specific threshold.

Abstract: A service transmission method and apparatus are provided to establish a connection between an access and mobility management function network element and a secondary base station, when a master base station is not capable of continuing to provide a service for a terminal device. In an embodiment, an access and mobility management function network element determines that a master base station is not capable of continuing to provide a service for a terminal device. The access and mobility management function network element sends a mobility management context of the terminal device to a secondary base station, where the mobility management context is used by the secondary base station to perform mobility management on the terminal device. Therefore, a signaling connection between the access and mobility management function network element and the secondary base station can be quickly established, thereby ensuring service transmission and improving user experience.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a user access control method. The method performed by a first network element includes: sending a first request including at least one of first indication information and second indication information to a second network element, where the first indication information indicates to report first information of at least one network slice to the first network element, and the second indication information indicates that the first network slice is a newly established network slice, a network slice on which a drive test is being performed, or a network slice for which no service level agreement is signed; receiving the first information of the at least one network slice from the second network element; and controlling user access to the first network slice based on a relationship between quality and a quality requirement of the at least one network slice.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and communication apparatuses. In one example method, a first data analytics network element receives first information of an application from a first network element, where the first information includes at least one of first application description information or an application status that correspond/corresponds to the application. The first application description information includes an application identifier and first IP information that correspond to the application, and the application status includes a foreground state or a background state of the application. The first data analytics network element determines second information based on the first information. The first data analytics network element sends the second information to a second network element.

Abstract: This application provides a model training method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining first capability information and second capability information of a client; determining, based on the first capability information and the second capability information, that the client reports model information to a cloud server or an edge server; and sending first indication information to the client. The first indication information indicates the client to report the model information to the cloud server or the edge server. According to the model training method and apparatus provided in this application, in a horizontal federated training method in a hybrid mode, a manner of reporting local model information by the client may be flexibly selected based on capability information of the client, so that horizontal federated training efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a first access and management network element in a first network receives from a second network wireless access assistance information, which includes wireless access information corresponding to a terminal device and a matching condition corresponding to the wireless access information. The first access and management network element determines, based on the wireless access assistance information, wireless access information to be used by the terminal device, and sends it to an access network device in the first network.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A session management network element obtains first indication information in a session establishment process of a session in a first network for a terminal device, where the first indication information indicates that user plane integrity protection in a second network is supported. The session management network element sends a first request message to an access and mobility management function network element in the first network based on the first indication information, where the first request message is used to request to assign a bearer identifier of the second network for the session. The session management network element receives a first response message from the access and mobility management function network element, where the first response message includes the bearer identifier.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a slice information processing method and apparatus to preferentially allocate a network slice resource to a slice for which a slice service level agreement SLA has been signed. An example solution includes: An access network device determines that a slice service level agreement (SLA) has been signed for a first slice and that no slice SLA has been signed for a second slice. The access network device prioritizes a user behavior action of the first slice, or deprioritizes a user behavior action of the second slice.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and communication apparatuses. One example method includes receiving a request message from a service request network element, where the request message is used to request information about a target data analytics network element, the request message includes a first analytics identifier and information about a first service, and the target data analytics network element supports an analytics type corresponding to the first analytics identifier and the first service. The target data analytics network element is determined based on the first analytics identifier, the information about the first service, and association information between the first analytics identifier and the first service that corresponds to the target data analytics network element. Information about the target data analytics network element is sent to the service request network element.

Abstract: Method and device for water-fat separation of image, computer apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium.

Abstract: This application provides a data obtaining method and apparatus. The method includes: A data analysis network element in a first network determines that data that needs to be obtained includes to-be-analyzed data in a second network. The data analysis network element sends, to a first network element in the first network, a first request message for requesting to obtain the to-be-analyzed data, where the first request message includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates that the to-be-analyzed data needs to be obtained from the second network.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data processing method and apparatus. The method includes: parsing, by a user plane data processing network element, a received packet and determining first service type information of a data flow to which the packet belongs; obtaining, by the user plane data processing network element, second service type information of the data flow from a data analysis network element; and processing, by the user plane data processing network element, the data flow based on the first service type information and the second service type information. With the data processing method and apparatus disclosed herein, accuracy in identifying a service type of transmitted data can be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for determining a service experience model and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A data analysis network element obtains first association information corresponding to a first dataset and obtains a second dataset based on the first association information. The data analysis network element determines a fourth dataset based on first information and the second dataset, where the fourth dataset is a subset or all of the second dataset, and the first information includes capability information of the first device and/or capability information of the data analysis network element. The data analysis network element determines a service experience model of the service based on the fourth dataset. The data analysis network element does not need to obtain data of the service of the terminal device on the first device.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a first multi-access edge computing (MEC) access point to be accessed by terminals in a terminal group of a first service. The first MEC access point is obtained based on network topology information of MEC access points that are respectively closest to the terminals and that support the first service. The network topology information indicates at least one of whether at least two MEC access points are connected or performance of a link between at least two MEC access points. The terminal group includes one or more of a terminal requesting the first service or a terminal subscribing to the first service. The method also includes sending an identifier of the first MEC access point to a session management network element that controls the terminals. The identifier of the first MEC access point is used by the terminals to access the first MEC access point.

Abstract: A session management method, an access management function device, and a session management device, where the method is carried out by an access and mobility management network element and includes: obtaining first subscription data of a terminal in a first communications network and second subscription data of the terminal in a second communications network, where the first subscription data includes a data network name (DNN), and the second subscription data includes an access point name (APN) corresponding to the DNN; allocating a bearer identifier to a bearer in a packet data network (PDN) connection corresponding to the APN; receiving a flow identifier that is of a flow in a protocol data unit (PDU) session corresponding to the DNN and that is sent by a session management network element; and sending the bearer identifier and the flow identifier to the terminal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to slice information processing methods. One example method includes sending, by a management and control function network element, a first request to a data analytics function network element, where the first request requests first information of a slice network including at least one slice, and the first request includes identity information of the at least one slice, and receiving, by the management and control function network element, a first response from the data analytics function network element, where the first response includes the first information, and the first information is used for at least one of user control or application control of each slice of the at least one slice.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A method may include obtaining k-space data associated with MR signals acquired by an MR scanner. The k-space data may corresponding to a first sampling rate. The method may also include generating one or more estimated images based on the k-space data and a target neural network model. The one or more estimated images may correspond to a second sampling rate that exceeds the first sampling rate. The method may further include determining one or more target images based on the one or more estimated images and the k-space data using a compressed sensing model. The compressed sensing model may be constructed based on the one or more estimated images.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus. A first network device obtains first information from a second network device. The first network device obtains second information from a third network device. The first network device determines first experience information of a service of the terminal based on the first information and the second information. The first network device sends the first experience information to a fourth network device, where the first experience information is for determining a parameter that is of the service of the terminal and that is on the fourth network device.