Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media relate to a method for target speaker extraction. A target speaker extraction system receives an audio frame of an audio signal. A multi-speaker detection model analyzes the audio frame to determine whether the audio frame includes only a single-speaker or multiple speakers. When the audio frame includes only a single-speaker, the system inputs the audio frame to a target speaker VAD model to suppress speech in the audio frame from a non-target speaker based on comparing the audio frame to a voiceprint of a target speaker. When the audio frame includes multiple speakers, the system inputs the audio frame to a speech separation model to separate the voice of the target speaker from a voice mixture in the audio frame.