Abstract: Described are spiropyrrolidines (I) useful as inhibitors of MDM2/p53 interactions and provides useful agents for the treatment of diseases like cancer and retinal macular degeneration diseases. The invented compounds herein have the general Further described are pharmaceutical compositions that comprise one or more compounds of the invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Abstract: A nebulizer includes a nebulizing circuit, a power circuit, a sampling circuit, a filtering circuit and a controlling circuit. The nebulizing circuit includes a piezoelectric actuator. During operation of the piezoelectric actuator, the liquid is nebulized. The power circuit selectively provides electric power to the nebulizing circuit so as to power the nebulizing circuit. A harmonic signal generated by the piezoelectric actuator at a working frequency is sampled by the sampling circuit. A specified frequency of the harmonic signal is retrieved by the filtering circuit. The controlling circuit controls operations of the power circuit and receiving the specified frequency of the harmonic signal. By comparing the specified frequency with a predetermined frequency, the controlling circuit judges whether the liquid is exhausted. Once the liquid is exhausted, the controlling circuit controls the power circuit to stop providing the electric power to the nebulizing circuit.

Abstract: Described are spiropyrrolidines (I) useful as inhibitors of MDM2/p53 interactions and provides useful agents for the treatment of diseases like cancer and retinal macular degeneration diseases. The invented compounds herein have the general Further described are pharmaceutical compositions that comprise one or more compounds of the invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flyback converter with a synchronous rectifier, in which the synchronous rectifier includes a synchronous switch, a current transformer connected in series between a drain terminal of the synchronous switch and an output terminal, and a secondary synchronous rectification driver connected to the gate terminal of the synchronous switch. Furthermore, a shunt resistor is connected in parallel with the current transformer for providing a current bypass path for a secondary current flowing through the synchronous switch and the current transformer, and thereby reducing the current flowing through the current transformer. Thus, the overall efficiency of the flyback converter can be enhanced and the life of the current transformer can be prolonged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flyback converter with a synchronous rectifier, in which the synchronous rectifier includes a synchronous switch, a current transformer connected in series between a drain terminal of the synchronous switch and an output terminal, and a secondary synchronous rectification driver connected to the gate terminal of the synchronous switch. Furthermore, a shunt resistor is connected in parallel with the current transformer for providing a current bypass path for a secondary current flowing through the synchronous switch and the current transformer, and thereby reducing the current flowing through the current transformer. Thus, the overall efficiency of the flyback converter can be enhanced and the life of the current transformer can be prolonged.