Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device, a sound-emitting control method, and a sound-emitting control device.

Abstract: Described is a method for managing an expectation on sanding volume in weak sandstone. In situ data related to a region of sandstone proximate a well is acquired. Measured property data corresponding to samples from the region of sandstone are obtained, and a chemical consolidation treatment is performed on the samples. Chemical consolidation treatment data is then obtained. The measured property data and the chemical consolidation treatment data is supplied as inputs to a simulator. The simulator performs simulations with and without chemical consolidation treatment. Based on the simulations, a correlation between a well flow rate and an effect of the chemical consolidation treatment is determined.

Abstract: A method of estimating dissolution progress of a salt in construction of a salt cavern includes: defining, for each of a plurality of parameters, an operable range of respective parameter and an average value of the operable range of respective parameter; performing a plurality of flooding tests, by varying one particular parameter among the plurality of parameters from a lowest value to a highest value in the operable range of the one particular parameter and keeping all other parameters at the average value of respective parameter; and obtaining an analytical relationship of a mass of dissolved salt versus the one particular parameter.

Abstract: Methods and systems include obtaining a correlation and obtaining a salt sample from a salt formation. The methods and systems further include, for each of N cycles, exposing, using an injection system, the salt sample to an nth amount of a gas and determining an nth value of a property by subjecting the salt sample, using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) system, to an AFM test. The methods and systems further include determining a relationship using the N values of the property, determining, using the correlation, a macroscale relationship based on the relationship, and generating a fit constitutive model by fitting the constitutive model to the macroscale relationship. The methods and systems include generating a model of a salt cavern within the salt formation based on the fit constitutive model and designing a salt cavern for withdrawal cycles of the gas using the model.

Abstract: A method includes identifying a wellbore that extends from a terranean surface and to a subterranean formation that includes a saline aquifer; injecting, through the wellbore, a predetermined volume of freshwater into a portion of the saline aquifer adjacent the wellbore to create a freshwater ring about the wellbore in the subterranean formation; and subsequent to injecting the predetermined volume of freshwater, injecting a carbon dioxide fluid, through the wellbore, and into the subterranean formation for sequestration.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for determining near-wellbore stress and state in a drilled well includes: importing input data of a form of data files; calculating stress and pressure parameters along a wellbore path from the input data imported; displaying one or more of the input data and the calculated stress and pressure parameters along a well path of the drilled well; receiving, by a graphical user interface (GUI), a user selection of a depth at which distribution of the near-wellbore stress and state around a wellbore is determined; in response to receiving the user selection, calculating near-wellbore parameters describing the near-wellbore stress and state around the wellbore; and displaying, by the GUI, the calculated near-wellbore parameters around the wellbore.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device, a sound-emitting control method, and a sound-emitting control device. The device includes: a display screen which includes a first display region, a middle display region, and a second display region; a plurality of sound-emitting units, which include: a plurality of first sound-emitting units, a plurality of second sound-emitting units and a plurality of third sound-emitting units; the plurality of first sound-emitting units and the plurality of second sound-emitting units respectively include a sound-emitting unit which emits sounds at a first frequency band, a sound-emitting unit which emits sounds at a second frequency band, and a sound-emitting unit which emits sounds at a third frequency band; the first, second, and third frequency bands increase in turn; and all of the plurality of third sound-emitting units are the sound-emitting units emitting sound in the second frequency band.

Abstract: A method for evaluating potential damage to a cement sheath in an underground gas storage facility during an earthquake. A ground surface earthquake (EQ) wave is obtained on which a deconvolution analysis is performed, producing a subsurface EQ wave. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of a casing-cement-rock well system are obtained, and a computational model of the underground gas storage facility is generated. A gas pressure value is applied to the model, and, after boundary conditions are applied, a static equilibrium state is simulated. The subsurface EQ wave and boundary conditions are applied to the model, and, based on the gas pressure value, a dynamic seismic event is simulated. Based on the effect of the seismic simulation on the integrity of the underground gas storage facility, at least one parameter related to the operation of the underground gas storage facility may be adjusted.

Abstract: A method for performing a borehole operation is disclosed. The method includes determining a characteristic diffusion time that corresponds to an undrained response period or a non-monotonic pore pressure dissipation phase of a porous medium surrounding a borehole, determining, based on a pre-determined failure criterion, a critical time of the borehole that corresponds to when a failure of the porous medium occurs within the characteristic diffusion time, identifying a failure region of the failure occurring at the critical time of the borehole, and performing, based on at least the identified failure region, the borehole operation.

Abstract: A method of constructing a mechanical earth model (MEM) includes integrating a density logging data set to compute vertical stress and applying correlation models or equations to estimate a pore pressure and mechanical properties. The method also includes calibrating the pore pressure with drill stem test data, calibrating the mechanical properties with laboratory tests on core plugs or on rock cuttings, estimating a minimum horizontal stress using correlation models, and calibrating the minimum horizontal stress with minifrac tests. The method further includes estimating a maximum horizontal stress using the correlation models while assuming one or more correlation parameters, calibrating the maximum horizontal stress with a global pattern of tectonic strains and a basin stress regime, evaluating one or more breakout regions using the MEM, a trajectory of a well, and a geometry of a pilot hole, and comparing the one or more breakout regions and a caliper logging data set.

Abstract: A method of producing a 3D printed proppant comprises providing a 3D printing apparatus that produces the 3D printed proppant; distributing a layer of build material within a build chamber of the 3D printing apparatus, wherein the build material comprises metal, polymer, ceramic, composite, or combinations thereof; depositing a layer of binder material on the layer of build material; curing the binder material within the 3D printing apparatus; and repeating as necessary to produce the 3D printed proppant, wherein the 3D printed proppant has a particle size from 8 mesh to 140 mesh.

Abstract: A 3D printed proppant includes a core having support bars extending from the core to a shell, the shell encapsulating the core and the support bars. Another 3D printed proppant includes a porous core and a shell encapsulating the porous core, where the porous core has a porosity from 25% to 75%. The 3D printed proppant has a particle size from 8 mesh to 140 mesh. The core, the support bars, the porous core, the shell, or combinations thereof includes metal, polymer, ceramic, composite, or combinations thereof. Additionally, a method for producing a 3D printed proppant is provided.

Abstract: Examples of methods and systems for predicting a predicted breakdown pressure for a wellbore are disclosed. The methods include obtaining a set of wellbore length compensating breakdown pressure correction curves and obtaining an approximate breakdown pressure, wherein the approximate breakdown pressure is based, at least in part, on measurements taken in a laboratory-scale wellbore. The methods further include determining a predicted breakdown pressure from the approximate breakdown pressure and the set of wellbore length compensating breakdown pressure correction curves, where the predicted breakdown pressure predicts the breakdown pressure of a reservoir-scale wellbore.

Abstract: A method for measuring multiple rock properties using a multi-stage indentation test is provided. The method includes measuring load and displacement versus time on an indentation measurement unit, while preforming the multi-stage indentation test. The multi-stage indentation test includes indenting a saturated specimen to full load to generate a line segment 1, releasing the load on the saturated specimen to generate a line segment 2, indenting the saturated specimen to full load to generate a line segment 3, holding the loading until the displacement curve levels off to generate a line segment 4, and reducing the loading to zero to generate a line segment 5.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a maximum horizontal stress at a depth of a geological formation, includes: setting an estimate SHmax of the maximum horizontal stress; conducting an elastoplastic modeling simulation of the geological formation around a wellbore with the estimate SHmax and obtaining a simulated value ?b,1 of a breakout angle, wherein the breakout angle is a half-width of a breakout region; and upon determining that the estimate ?b,1 is greater than or equal to a prescribed value and is different from a measured breakout angle ?b,m at the depth by more than a threshold value, repeatedly changing the estimate SHmax and conducting the elastoplastic modeling simulation.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining total stresses and pore pressures of each porous medium of a formation, determining a first and second set of effective stresses for the formation, determining an individual collapse and fracturing mud weight for each porous medium of the formation using a first set of associated failure criteria, wherein the first set of associated failure criteria are based on the first set of effective stresses, determining an overall collapse and fracturing mud weight for the formation using a second set of associated failure criteria, wherein the second set of associated failure criteria is based on the second set of effective stresses, determining a mud weight window for the formation using the individual collapse mud weight, the individual fracturing mud weight, the overall collapse mud weight, and the overall fracturing mud weight, and transmitting a command to a drilling system based on the mud weight window.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a technique for drilling and fracturing wells. Geomechanical properties and in-situ stresses for the field are estimated using collected data and results from mini-fracking tests. A 3D geomechanics model for the field is generated based on 3D property model and natural fracture network. First 3D hydraulic fracturing modeling for a single well is conducted to obtain an optimum pump schedule for a target fracture length and well spacing for placing numerous horizontal wells in the field. Then 3D hydraulic fracturing modeling for the multiple wells is conducted based on a drilling-fracturing sequence configured to generate symmetric fractures and to determine an optimum pump schedule for middle wells, considering tensile stress superposition. The drilling-fracturing sequence includes initially skipping fracturing of a drilled well adjacent to a fractured well. The group of wells are drilled and fractured using the sequence.

Abstract: A method for evaluating an integrity of a liner disposed in a wellbore, that contacts a formation through a cement layer between the liner and the formation, includes computing a stress on a boundary of the liner by an iteration procedure that implements an analytical solution of stresses on a liner-cement interface and a cement-formation interface using the geometric data, performing numerical simulations using the computational numerical model to calculate a magnitude and distribution of stresses acting on the liner-cement interface and the cement-formation interface, performing numerical simulations with the actual in-situ stresses to replace the mean in-situ stress on the outer boundary of formation layer to calculate magnitude and distribution of stresses acting on the liner-cement and cement-formation interfaces using the calibrated computational mesh and applying the calculated stresses acting on the liner to a liner integrity evaluation model to determine an integrity of the liner at a plurality of st

Abstract: The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method for treating a geologic formation that includes providing a hydraulic fracture model, providing a first value representative of a volume of kerogen breaker in a fracturing fluid, determining a discrete fracture network (DFN) based on the hydraulic fracture model and the first value, determining a geomechanical model based on the DFN and a reservoir model based on the DFN, determining a hydrocarbon production volume based on the geomechanical model and the reservoir model, adjusting the first value based on the hydrocarbon production volume, and adjusting a volume of kerogen breaker in the fracturing fluid to a hydrocarbon reservoir based on the adjusted first value.

Abstract: Systems and methods include techniques for determining whether to use underbalanced coiled tubing drilling (UBCTD) or conventional drilling with hydraulic fracturing to drill a new well in deep and tight reservoirs with slow rate of penetration issues. Estimates of geomechanical properties and image log processing for past-drilled wells are completed first, then three-dimensional (3D) property modeling and natural fracture prediction (NFP) for the domain are conducted. Then a 3D geomechanics model is generated. After this the rock properties and NFP along the planned well trajectory are extracted. The diagenetic rock typing is evaluated. Required breakdown pressure for hydraulic fracturing is calculated. A determination based on the diagenetic rock typing and required breakdown pressure is made whether UBCTD or conventional drilling with hydraulic fracturing should be used for a new well.