Abstract: An electron beam generation apparatus includes a supersonic nozzle configured to generate the supersonic gas flow flowing along a first direction under a vacuum atmosphere; a knife edge configured to be inserted into the supersonic gas flow from one side in a second direction intersecting the first direction and form a shock wave in the supersonic gas flow; and a radiation unit configured to radiate the pulsed laser light into the supersonic gas flow and propagate the pulsed laser light to pass through the shock wave in the supersonic gas flow. The supersonic nozzle includes a convergence portion having a downstream end forming a throat and an upstream end having a flow channel cross-sectional area larger than a cross-sectional area of the throat, and a flow straightening chamber configured to be smoothly connected to the upstream end of the convergence portion and extend by a predetermined length.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 4-step method for inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into functioning cells comprising 1) expanding ES cells; 2) inducing Embryoid Bodies in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor and basic FGF; 3) selection expanding of the EBs and 4) differentiation. According to the present invention, ES cells can be differentiated into either insulin producing pancreatic islet like cell clusters or nerve like cells. Thus obtained functioning cells may be potential sources of donor cells in cell transplant therapy for many patients.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 4-step method for inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into functioning cells comprising 1) expanding ES cells; 2) inducing Embryoid Bodies in the presence of leukemia Inhibitor factor and basic FGF; 3) selection expanding of the EBs and 4) differentiation. According to the present invention, ES cells can be differentiated into either insulin producing pancreatic islet like cell clusters or nerve like cells. Thus obtained functioning cells may be potential sources of donor cells in cell transplant therapy for many patients.