Abstract: An extension is provided to the SEND protocol without requiring a CGA or third party trust anchor. A shared key is provided to both a sender and receiver of a neighbor discovery (ND) message. A digital signature option is contained in the ND message. A digital signature field is determined by the algorithm field in the option. When the ND message is received, the receiver may verify the digital signature field using the pre-shared key according to the algorithm field. If the ND message passes verification, the receiver may process the message.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting dead tunnels associated with a VPN. An indicator of a tunnel capability, for example, a DPD vendor ID, is received from a peer through a VPN connection. The tunnel capability is associated with one or more phase II tunnels associated with the VPN. Traffic generated by the peer is detected, and if traffic is detected at a tunnel, the tunnel is presumed to be alive. When no traffic is detected in a tunnel, a DPD packet exchange with the tunnel is initiated. A determination is made, based on the packet exchange, whether the tunnel is alive.

Abstract: The present invention increases the efficiency of transmitting data from a plurality of fragmented internet protocol (IP) packets over a computer network. After receiving a plurality of fragmented packets over a computer network interface a computing device may reassemble data from the plurality of packets into an IP packet that includes data from each of the fragmented IP packets. The reassembled IP packet may then be compressed and encrypted before being transmitted to a computer identified in a destination address in each of the plurality of fragmented packets.

Abstract: An extension is provided to the SEND protocol without requiring a CGA or third party trust anchor. A shared key is provided to both a sender and receiver of a neighbor discovery (ND) message. A digital signature option is contained in the ND message. A digital signature field is determined by the algorithm field in the option. When the ND message is received, the receiver may verify the digital signature field using the pre-shared key according to the algorithm field. If the ND message passes verification, the receiver may process the message.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting dead tunnels associated with a VPN. An indicator of a tunnel capability, for example, a DPD vendor ID, is received from a peer through a VPN connection. The tunnel capability is associated with one or more phase II tunnels associated with the VPN. Traffic generated by the peer is detected, and if traffic is detected at a tunnel, the tunnel is presumed to be alive. When no traffic is detected in a tunnel, a DPD packet exchange with the tunnel is initiated. A determination is made, based on the packet exchange, whether the tunnel is alive.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting dead tunnels associated with a VPN. An indicator of a tunnel capability, for example, a DPD vendor ID, is received from a peer through a VPN connection. The tunnel capability is associated with one or more phase II tunnels associated with the VPN. Traffic generated by the peer is detected, and if traffic is detected at a tunnel, the tunnel is presumed to be alive. When no traffic is detected in a tunnel, a DPD packet exchange with the tunnel is initiated. A determination is made, based on the packet exchange, whether the tunnel is alive.

Abstract: A method for preparing 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde. The method includes: providing t-butyl chloride and vinyl acetate as raw materials, conducting a catalytic reaction between the t-butyl chloride and vinyl acetate to yield 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl butyl acetate in the presence of a catalyst, the weight ratio of t-butyl chloride to vinyl acetate being 1:0.84-0.93; and controlling a temperature at between 100 and 110° C. for conducting hydrolytic disproportionation of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl butyl acetate in the presence of the catalyst to yield a mixture comprising 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde; and purifying the mixture by distillation to yield 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde, in which, the catalyst is aluminum trichloride, p-toluene sulphonic acid, or iron trichloride.

Abstract: A method for preparing 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde. The method includes: providing t-butyl chloride and vinyl acetate as raw materials, conducting a catalytic reaction between the t-butyl chloride and vinyl acetate to yield 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl butyl acetate in the presence of a catalyst, the weight ratio of t-butyl chloride to vinyl acetate being 1: 0.84-0.93; and controlling a temperature at between 100 and 110° C. for conducting hydrolytic disproportionation of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl butyl acetate in the presence of the catalyst to yield a mixture comprising 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde; and purifying the mixture by distillation to yield 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde, in which, the catalyst is aluminum trichloride, p-toluene sulphonic acid, or iron trichloride.