Abstract: An optical fiber multi-parameter sensing system and method are provided. The optical fiber multi-parameter sensing system comprises a light source, an optical circulator, a fiber-tip probe sensor and an optical spectrum analyzer, wherein the fiber-tip probe sensor can be placed into an analyte without changing the characteristics of the analyte. The variation of a bulk parameter that is a bulk refractive index of bulk environment around the fiber-tip probe sensor and a surface parameter which is a thickness of surface dielectric layer of the fiber-tip probe sensor can be determined simultaneously by monitoring the changing of resonance intensity and resonance wavelength of a single fiber-tip leaky mode resonance. The sensing system optionally configured such that multiple parameters in the analyte around the fiber-tip probe sensor can be obtained by detecting a single resonance peak.

Abstract: A two-dimensional spectrum recording apparatus has a source of collimated laser light impinging on a sample on a plate. The light passing through the sample forms an object wave and the light not passing through the sample forming a reference wave, which interfere with each other to form a holographic image at the plate. A beam splitter receives the collimated laser light from the sample and forms separate first and second light beams. A linear polarizer receives the first beam and passes it to a polarization camera having a Full Stokes mask. The camera records the light that passes through the Stokes mask. A slit aperture receives the second beam and transforms it into a slit of light that is applied to a diffraction grating. A diode array receives the second beam from the diffraction grating and forms a light spectrum that is recorded.

Abstract: A method for aquatic microplastic identification is provided. The method includes steps as follows: emitting a laser beam from a laser source, such that the laser beam passes through a liquid sample with MP samples in a sample channel and then a polarizer and is received by polarization camera; capturing a sample image of the MP samples by the polarization camera, wherein the sample image comprises interference patterns resulting from superposition of object and reference waves; and feeding the interference patterns into a morphology analyzing module for real-time tracking and analyzing by using a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model, so as to classify the MP samples.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detachment of a mobile set including receiving, by a service node of a communication system, a detachment request from the mobile set, transmitting, by the service node of the communication system, a delete context request message for the mobile set to a first service node of another communication system, and transmitting, by the service node, a detachment indicator to a second service node of the another communication system, wherein the service node of the communication system is different from the service node of the another communication, wherein both the service node of the communication system and the first service node of the another communication system store context information related to the mobile set, and wherein the mobile set moves between the service node of the communication system and the first service node of the another communication system without an area updating.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detachment of a mobile set including receiving, by a service node of a communication system, a detachment request from the mobile set, transmitting, by the service node of the communication system, a delete context request message for the mobile set to a first service node of another communication system, and transmitting, by the service node, a detachment indicator to a second service node of the another communication system, wherein the service node of the communication system is different from the service node of the another communication, wherein both the service node of the communication system and the first service node of the another communication system store context information related to the mobile set, and wherein the mobile set moves between the service node of the communication system and the first service node of the another communication system without an area updating.

Abstract: A method for detachment of a mobile set within the equivalent route area moving between the communication systems comprising steps of: during the detachment process is implemented between a mobile set and a service node in one communication system, the service node generates one or more messages and transmits it to the service nodes in one or more communication system within the ERA. If the message is transmitted to the service node within the ERA of only one communication system, this service node transmits this message or the message generated according to this message to the service nodes within the ERA of the other communication system. With the method proposed in present invention, when a mobile is detached from two or more communication systems which share the same ERA, the service nodes in all communication systems within the ERA can still correctly manage the relevant information on this mobile set.

Abstract: A method of generating a road map from clusters of line segments of multiple datapoint sources. The method includes defining line segments for the datapoint sources between consecutive samples from the sources, grouping the line segments into clusters according to a position criterion, applying curve fitting to the clusters to obtain centerlines, and generating a road map from the center lines.

Abstract: A method for supporting Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (MBMS) data transmission in a Long-term evolution (LTE) system includes a network entity (ECN) to which a user equipment (UE) is registered, receives an Activate MBMS context request message from the UE, and sends a Create MBMS UE Context Request message to a ECN that offers MBMS service. The ECN that offers MBMS service performs an authorization process with a Broadcast and Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) and sends a “Create MBMS UE Context Response” message to the ECN to which the UE is registered. The ECN to which the UE is registered sends an Activate MBMS Context Accept message to the UE. With the methods for supporting the transmission of MBMS data in the LTE system according to present invention, both the BM-SC and the ECN can find the downstream node so that service transmission paths may be found for MBMS data.

Abstract: A method for managing key in Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast service comprising steps of defining a valid MTK ID interval for each generated MSK and sends it to a UE along with a MSK by a BMSC; after receiving the MSK, saving a valid MTK ID interval of the MSK by the UE; and defining a MTK ID for each generated MTK encrypted with the MSK and sending the MTK ID and the MTK to the UE after encrypting them with the MSK by the BMSC This MSK is valid only when the transmission of the MTK within MTK ID interval is in operation. Therefore, once the UE finds out that some newly received MTK's MTK ID is beyond said MTK ID, it deletes the MSK that is applied in said MTK transmission's encryption correspondingly.

Abstract: A method for detachment of a mobile set within the equivalent route area moving between the communication systems comprising steps of: during the detachment process is implemented between a mobile set and a service node in one communication system, the service node generates one or more messages and transmits it to the service nodes in one or more communication system within the ERA. If the message is transmitted to the service node within the ERA of only one communication system, this service node transmits this message or the message generated according to this message to the service nodes within the ERA of the other communication system. With the method proposed in present invention, when a mobile is detached from two or more communication systems which share the same ERA, the service nodes in all communication systems within the ERA can still correctly manage the relevant information on this mobile set.

Abstract: A method for supporting Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (MBMS) data transmission in a Long-term evolution (LTE) system includes a network entity (ECN) to which a user equipment (UE) is registered, receives an Activate MBMS context request message from the UE, and sends a Create MBMS UE Context Request message to a ECN that offers MBMS service. The ECN that offers MBMS service performs an authorization process with a Broadcast and Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) and sends a “Create MBMS UE Context Response” message to the ECN to which the UE is registered. The ECN to which the UE is registered sends an Activate MBMS Context Accept message to the UE. With the methods for supporting the transmission of MBMS data in the LTE system according to present invention, both the BM-SC and the ECN can find the downstream node so that service transmission paths may be found for MBMS data.

Abstract: A method for managing key in Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast service comprising steps of defining a valid MTK ID interval for each generated MSK and sends it to a UE along with a MSK by a BMSC; after receiving the MSK, saving a valid MTK ID interval of the MSK by the UE; and defining a MTK ID for each generated MTK encrypted with the MSK and sending the MTK ID and the MTK to the UE after encrypting them with the MSK by the BMSC This MSK is valid only when the transmission of the MTK within MTK ID interval is in operation. Therefore, once the UE finds out that some newly received MTK's MTK ID is beyond said MTK ID, it deletes the MSK that is applied in said MTK transmission's encryption correspondingly.

Abstract: A method for key management and assignment in MBMS service, the method includes following steps: the group key locates in the root node on the highest layer, which only has child nodes and doesn't have parent nodes; private keys corresponding to users locate in leaf nodes; the described intermediate node that owns both one parent node and one or more child nodes holds it own key. This invention deploys the method of combining point-to-point mode and point-to-multipoint mode during the process of key update; compared with the key update method only deploying point-to-point mode, this method can reduce the times necessary for information transmission, reduce the system load as well as the time needed for one key update process. Compared with the key update method only deploying point-to-multipoint mode, this solves the security problem of key exposure.