Abstract: A capacitor working electrolyte containing water and a silicate additive is described. The silicate additive does not alter the electrolyte properties and/or cause any separation of the electrolyte composition. Instead, it stabilizes capacitor long-term performance.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a WDM layer-based OChP device and the method thereof, i.e., M protection channels are added in the transmitting module and the receiving module to connect to receiving ends and transmitting ends of M protection channels in the WDM system; a switching device is added so as to switch signals in specified working channels to specified protection channels or switch signals transmitted in specified protection channels back to specified working channels according to switching requests from the WDM system; wherein M and N are natural numbers, and M<N. Because the number M of protection channels is less than the number N of the working channels, compared with 1+1 or 1:1 protection solution, this solution helps to save optical wavelength resource and initial cost. In addition, compared with 1+1 or 1:1 protection solution, when M>1, this solution can significantly reduce the risk of ruined backup performance due to above failures, without requiring increased cost.

Abstract: An enclosure for an electrical energy storage device such as a wet tantalum electrolytic capacitor or an electrochemical cell such as a lithium/silver vanadium oxide cell is described. The enclosure comprises two metallic casing components or portions. The first is a drawn member having a planar face wall supporting a surrounding sidewall and is shaped to nest the anode, cathode and intermediate separator components. The surrounding sidewall has an annular flange at its outer periphery. A mating cover is a stamped planar piece of similar material whose periphery fits inside the annular flange or rim as a complementary piece.

Abstract: An oxygen plasma process for treating a dielectric oxide layer, particularly an anodic oxide, subsequent to its incorporation into an electrolytic capacitor is described. The present treatment reduces DC leakage and improves shelf life stability of the resulting capacitor in comparison to anodic oxides treated in a conventional manner. This is important for critical applications such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators where capacitor charging time and charge/discharge energy efficiency are critical.

Abstract: A sintering method for valve metal powders, such as tantalum, niobium, aluminum, titanium, and their alloys, is described. The valve metal powders are pressed into a pellet and sintered at a relatively high temperature, but for a relatively short time. The anodized valve metal structure is then useful as an anode in an electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: An enclosure for an electrical energy storage device such as a wet tantalum electrolytic capacitor or an electrochemical cell such as a lithium/silver vanadium oxide cell is described. The enclosure comprises two metallic casing components or portions. The first is a drawn member having a planar face wall supporting a surrounding sidewall and is shaped to nest the anode, cathode and intermediate separator components. The surrounding sidewall has an annular flange at its outer periphery. A mating cover is a stamped planar piece of similar material whose periphery fits inside the annular flange or rim as a complementary piece.

Abstract: The present invention is a low temperature (below about 60° C.) anodizing electrolyte composition for valve metals including, and not limited to, aluminum, niobium, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, and alloys thereof. The low temperature anodizing electrolyte composition contains at least: (1) a protic solvent selected from the group consisting of alkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, and their mono ethers, and (2) a weak inorganic or organic acid or its salt. The present invention is capable of anodizing valve metals for high voltage capacitors of greater than 300 Volts with: (1) little to no gray-out at high formation voltage, (2) high formation breakdown voltage, and (3) high quality of oxide with low DC leakage and stable long term performance of the anode.

Abstract: A capacitor working electrolyte containing water and a silicate additive is described. The silicate additive does not alter the electrolyte properties and/or cause any separation of the electrolyte composition. Instead, it stabilizes capacitor long-term performance.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition for electrolytic capacitors is described. The electrolyte composition comprises at least a solute comprising ammonium acetate, the salt of a weak inorganic acid, or the ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid having less than 10 carbon atoms; an additive; and water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single mode optical waveguide fiber having alternating segments of positive and negative dispersion and dispersion slope. The relative indexes, the refractive index profiles and the radii of the segments are chosen to provide low total dispersion and dispersion slope. Preferred waveguides in accordance with the invention exhibit a dispersion over the range of 1520 to 1625 nm which at all times has a magnitude which is less than 2, and more preferably less than 1 ps/nm2-km. The total dispersion of the waveguide fiber is in the range of about −2.0 to +2.0 ps/nm-km at 1550 nm. The waveguide also features a low polarization mode dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical fiber, comprising a core having an alpha parameter in the range of approximately 2 to approximately 8, a maximum index percent difference between the core and a cladding in the range of approximately 0.3% to approximately 0.5% and a core diameter in the range of approximately 6.0 to approximately 16.0 &mgr;m and a cladding. The optical fiber has a bandwidth of at least approximately 0.6 GHz.km at 850 nm, and is configured for multimode operation at a wavelength less than 1300 nm and single mode operation at a wavelength of at least approximately 1300 nm. The fiber also has significantly reduced intermodal noise. The present invention also includes a method of designing such a fiber, a fiber optic system provided such a fiber and a method of operating a fiber optic system with such a fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dispersion shifted optical waveguide fiber having low but non-zero dispersion over an extended wavelength window that includes wavelengths, from 1470 nm to 1625 nm. Waveguide fiber core refractive index profiles exhibit the desired dispersion performance while maintaining resistance to pin array and lateral load bending at least equivalent to standard waveguide fiber. Attenuation over the operating wavelength range is low and zero dispersion wavelength is typically less than 1450 nm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor. The capacitor has an electrolytic anode and an electrochemical cathode. The electrolyte has water, a water soluble organic salt, and a relatively weak organic acid. This electrolyte is chemically compatible to aluminum and tantalum oxide dielectrics and withstands higher voltage while maintaining good conductivity. This makes the electrolyte especially useful for high voltage applications, such as occur in an implantable cardiac defibrillator.

Abstract: A long haul, broadband DWDM system that has been optimized by the proper selection of the distribution of total dispersion compensation. Dispersion compensation is utilized at both the receiver and transmitter ends. System performance is dependent on the ratio of compensation split between the transmitter and the receiver. A system operated in the nonlinear regime can be compensated to operate with low BER and with reduced penalties due to residual dispersion effects, even when the spread of total accumulated dispersion between the extreme channels in a broadband system exceeds 1,100 ps/nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical fiber, comprising a core having an alpha parameter in the range of approximately 2 to approximately 8, a maximum index percent difference between the core and a cladding in the range of approximately 0.3% to approximately 0.5% and a core diameter in the range of approximately 6.0 to approximately 16.0 &mgr;m and a cladding. The optical fiber has a bandwidth of at least approximately 0.6 GHz.km at 850 nm, and is configured for multimode operation at a wavelength less than 1300 nm and single mode operation at a wavelength of at least approximately 1300 nm. The fiber also has significantly reduced intermodal noise. The present invention also includes a method of designing such a fiber, a fiber optic system provided such a fiber and a method of operating a fiber optic system with such a fiber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor. The capacitor has an electrolytic anode and an electrochemical cathode. The electrolyte has water, a water soluble organic salt, and a relatively weak organic acid. This electrolyte is chemically compatible to aluminum and tantalum oxide dielectrics and withstands higher voltage while maintaining good conductivity. This makes the electrolyte especially useful for high voltage applications, such as occur in an implantable cardiac defibrillator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a water based electrolyte used in a hybrid-type capacitor. The hybrid-type capacitor has an electrolytic anode and an electrochemical cathode. The difference resides in the electrolyte for this type of capacitor. The electrolyte has water, a water soluble inorganic and/or organic acid and/or salt, and a water soluble nitro-aromatic compound. Such a hybrid capacitor (1) improves energy density by significantly reducing volume of the separator and cathod material often used in conventional electrolytic capacitors and (2) has an electrochemical cathode that undergoes an electrochemical reduction without generating gassing. For example, ruthenium oxide, RuO2, is reduced to ruthenium hydroxide, Ru(OH)2, when passing a cathodic current. However, the present invention discovered that without the present electrolyte, the RuO2 cathode does generate gassing if it is sufficiently depleted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reform protocol to maintain one or more device performance parameters above certain values, and/or below certain values, and/or within certain ranges of values while optimizing battery consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single mode optical waveguide fiber having alternating segments of positive and negative dispersion and dispersion slope. The relative indexes, the refractive index profiles and the radii of the segments are chosen to provide low total dispersion and dispersion slope. Preferred waveguides in accordance with the invention exhibit a dispersion over the range of 1520 to 1625 nm which at all times has a magnitude which is less than 2, and more preferably less than 1 ps/nm2-km. The total dispersion of the waveguide fiber is in the range of about −2.0 to +2.0 ps/nm-km at 1550 nm. The waveguide also features a low polarization mode dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single made optical waveguide fiber having a segmented core design. In particular, the core comprises three segments, each having characteristic dimensions and refractive index profile. By proper choice of index profile in each segment, a waveguide fiber is made which has a mode field diameter of about 9.5, low, positive total dispersion over the operating window 1530 nm to 1565 nm as well as effective area greater than 60 ?m2.