Abstract: Methods of detecting molecules using an apparatus comprising a plurality of magnetic sensors are disclosed. A method may include binding a first molecule to a proximal wall of a fluid chamber of the apparatus, and adding, to the fluid chamber, a magnetically-labeled molecule comprising a cleavable magnetic label, wherein the magnetically-labeled molecule is configured to bind to or be incorporated by the first molecule. The method may use at least one address line and at least one selector element of the apparatus to detect a characteristic of at least a portion of the plurality of magnetic sensors, wherein the characteristic indicates whether the magnetically-labeled molecule has bound to or been incorporated by the first molecule.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may allow for the analysis of molecules by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. A tunneling junction of the present technology can include an insulating layer between two electrodes. A voltage may be applied to the electrodes. When a molecule makes contact with both electrodes, the molecule allows current to tunnel through the molecule. The characteristics of the current may aid in identifying a portion of the molecule, for example, a particular nucleotide or base present in a nucleic acid molecule. Methods and systems for analysis of molecules are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses for nucleic acid sequencing, and methods of making and using such apparatuses. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a magnetic sensor array comprising a plurality of magnetic sensors, each of the plurality of magnetic sensors coupled to at least one address line, at least one selector element, and a fluid chamber adjacent to the magnetic sensor array, the fluid chamber having a proximal wall adjacent to the magnetic sensor array. A method of manufacturing sequencing device comprises fabricating a first addressing line on a substrate, fabricating a plurality of magnetic sensors such that the bottom portion of each sensor is coupled to the first addressing line, depositing a dielectric material between the sensors, fabricating additional addressing lines coupled to the top portions of the sensors, and removing a portion of the dielectric material adjacent to the sensors to create a fluid chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device methods and an assembly for isolating biological polymers from a sample, the device comprising a top reservoir, a bottom reservoir, a collection chamber located between the top and the bottom reservoirs and operably connected to the top and bottom reservoirs, a sieving matrix capable of passing the biological polymers to be extracted, a semipermeable membrane not capable of passing the biological polymers to be extracted, and at least one set of a working electrode and a counter electrode.

Abstract: A microfluidic chip with an array of pillars for directing flow of beads is used to measure reaction kinetics. A stream may be continuously drawn from the reaction volume into the microfluidic chip. The bead is attached to a primary antibody. The reaction volume has an antigen. The primary antibody binds to the antigen. A secondary antibody with a label binds to the antigen, creating a sandwich of bead, antigen, and label. The binding reactions occur over time in the microfluidic chip. The beads may be imaged after traversing a laminar wash buffer, and the signal intensity is measured. Each bead provides a kinetic monitoring of the immunoassay over the reaction time at which the bead is removed from the reaction media. Methods and systems are described in this disclosure.

Abstract: A microfluidic chip with an array of pillars for directing flow of beads is used to measure reaction kinetics. A stream may be continuously drawn from the reaction volume into the microfluidic chip. The bead is attached to a primary antibody. The reaction volume has an antigen and a second antibody with a label. The primary antibody binds to the antigen, and the secondary antibody binds to the antigen, creating a sandwich of bead, antigen, and label. The binding reactions occur over time. The beads may be imaged after traversing a laminar wash buffer, and the signal intensity is measured. Each bead provides a kinetic monitoring of the immunoassay over the reaction time at which the bead is removed from the reaction media. Methods and systems are described in this disclosure.

Abstract: A microfluidic chip with an array of pillars for directing flow of beads is used to measure reaction kinetics. A stream may be continuously drawn from the reaction volume into the microfluidic chip. The bead is attached to a primary antibody. The reaction volume has an antigen. The primary antibody binds to the antigen. A secondary antibody with a label binds to the antigen, creating a sandwich of bead, antigen, and label. The binding reactions occur over time in the microfluidic chip. The beads may be imaged after traversing a laminar wash buffer, and the signal intensity is measured. Each bead provides a kinetic monitoring of the immunoassay over the reaction time at which the bead is removed from the reaction media. Methods and systems are described in this disclosure.

Abstract: Methods for analyzing a nucleic acid molecule are described. Methods may include attaching the nucleic acid molecule to a particle having a first characteristic dimension. In addition, methods may include applying an electric field through an aperture to move the particle to the aperture. Also, methods may include applying a voltage across a first electrode and a second electrode. Further, methods may include contacting a portion of the nucleic acid molecule to both the first electrode and the second electrode within the aperture, where the portion may include a nucleotide. In addition, methods may include measuring a current through the first electrode, the portion of the nucleic acid molecule, and the second electrode, where the measured current runs in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the aperture. Also, methods may include identifying the nucleotide of the portion of the nucleic acid molecule based on the current.

Abstract: Embodiments may include a nucleic acid molecule system. The system may include a nucleic acid polymerase attached to a tether compound. The polymerase may be configured to elongate a nascent strand. The system may also include a nucleotide attached to a label compound. The label compound may include a moiety. The system may further include a transistor in electrical communication with a power supply. The polymer may be attached to the transistor. In addition, the system may include a meter device configured to measure an electrical characteristic of the transistor from the moiety after the label compound is cleaved from the nucleotide by the nucleic acid polymerase.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to automated systems including an electrophoretic device including one or more separation conduits. In some embodiments, the automated systems are suitable for use in sample cleanup and/or target enrichment processes, such as sample cleanup and/or target enrichment processes conducted prior to sequencing, e.g., next generation sequencing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of single-molecule array sequencing (SMAS) devices and systems. Each sensor of an array of sensors of the SMAS device is capable of detecting labels attached to nucleotides incorporated into a single nucleic acid strand bound to a respective binding site. Each sensor can detect a single label (e.g., fluorescent, magnetic, organometallic, charged molecule, etc.) attached to the incorporated nucleotide. Also disclosed are methods of using SMAS devices and systems for highly-scalable nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) sequencing based on sequencing by synthesis (SBS) of multiple instances of clonally amplified DNA immobilized on such SMAS devices. Also disclosed are error correction methods that mitigate errors (e.g., errant label detections or non-detections) made in sequencing individual nucleic acid strands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making nanopores in thin layers or monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides that enables accurate and controllable formation of pore within those thin layer(s) with sub-nanometer precision.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to devices and methods for effecting epitachophoresis. Epitachophoresis may be used to effect sample analysis, such as by selective separation, detection, extraction, and/or pre-concentration of target analytes such as, for example, DNA, RNA, and/or other biological molecules. Said target analytes may be collected following epitachophoresis and used for desired downstream applications and further analysis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may allow for the analysis of molecules by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. A tunneling junction of the present technology can include an insulating layer between two electrodes. A voltage may be applied to the electrodes. When a molecule makes contact with both electrodes, the molecule allows current to tunnel through the molecule. The characteristics of the current may aid in identifying a portion of the molecule, for example, a particular nucleotide or base present in a nucleic acid molecule. Methods and systems for analysis of molecules are described.

Abstract: A microfluidic chip with an array of pillars for directing flow of beads is used to measure reaction kinetics. A stream may be continuously drawn from the reaction volume into the microfluidic chip. The bead is attached to a primary antibody. The reaction volume has an antigen and a second antibody with a label. The primary antibody binds to the antigen, and the secondary antibody binds to the antigen, creating a sandwich of bead, antigen, and label. The binding reactions occur over time in the reaction volume. The beads may be imaged after traversing a laminar wash buffer, and the signal intensity is measured. Each bead provides a kinetic monitoring of the immunoassay over the reaction time at which the bead is removed from the reaction media. Methods and systems are described in this disclosure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses for nucleic acid sequencing using magnetic labels (e.g., magnetic particles) and magnetic sensors. Also disclosed are methods of making and using such apparatuses. An apparatus for nucleic acid sequencing comprises a plurality of magnetic sensors, a plurality of binding areas disposed above the plurality of magnetic sensors, each of the binding areas for holding fluid, and at least one line for detecting a characteristic of at least a first magnetic sensor of the plurality of magnetic sensors, the characteristic indicating presence or absence of one or more magnetic nanoparticles coupled to a first binding area associated with the first magnetic sensor.

Abstract: Molecules may be analyzed (e.g., sequencing of nucleic acid molecules) by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. Embodiments of the present invention may allow detecting individual nucleotides and the sequencing of a nucleic acid molecule using a tunneling junction. By labeling a specific nucleotide with a moiety, tunneling junctions may generate a signal with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio. The tunneling recognition uses a tunneling current that is mostly through the moiety rather than mostly through the nucleotide or a portion of the molecule of interest. Because a single nucleotide can be detected with a signal with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio resulting from the tunneling current passing through the moiety, embodiments of the present invention may allow for fast detection of nucleotides using a tunneling current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making nanopores in thin layers or monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides that enables accurate and controllable formation of pore within those thin layer(s) with sub-nanometer precision.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for monitoring single-molecule biological processes using magnetic sensors and magnetic particles (MNP). A MNP is attached to a biopolymer (e.g., a nucleic acid, protein, etc.), and motion of the MNP is detected and/or monitored using a magnetic sensor. Because the MNP is small (e.g., its size is comparable to the size of the molecule being monitored) and is tethered to a biopolymer, changes in the volume of Brownian motion of the MNP in a solution can be monitored to monitor the movement of the MNP and, by inference, the tethered biopolymer. The magnetic sensor is small (e.g., nanoscale or having a size on the order of the sizes of the MNP and the biopolymer) and can be used to detect even small changes in the position of the MNP within the sensing region of the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may allow for the analysis of molecules by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. A tunneling junction of the present technology can include an insulating layer between two electrodes. A voltage may be applied to the electrodes. When a molecule makes contact with both electrodes, the molecule allows current to tunnel through the molecule. The characteristics of the current may aid in identifying a portion of the molecule, for example, a particular nucleotide or base present in a nucleic acid molecule. Methods and systems for analysis of molecules are described.