Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a pathogenic microorganism sample collection and preservation device with a protection function, including a sampler and a preservation container; the sampler and the preservation container are both packaged by independent aseptic packaging bags. The sampler includes a sample collection mechanism, a holding mechanism, and a protection mechanism arranged between the sample collection mechanism and the holding mechanism. Before sample collection, the preservation container is sealed by an assorted sealing cover. The sample collection and preservation device of the present disclosure is convenient for holding and flexible adjustment of a sample collection angle. The protection mechanism between the holding mechanism and the sample collection mechanism plays a role of shielding, thus avoiding the problem of cross contamination.