Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of detecting Plasmodium in a subject (for example, presence of Plasmodium parasite) by detecting the presence and/or amount of one or more metabolites in a sample from the subject. In some embodiments, the methods include detecting in the sample one or more metabolites listed in Table 1, Table 2, and/or Tables 5-8. The amount of the one or more metabolites in the sample is compared to the amount of the one or more metabolites in a control and presence of Plasmodium is determined if the amount of the one or more metabolites is different (for example statistically significantly increased or decreased) compared to the control.

Abstract: A recombinant protein is provided which comprises peptides derived from different stages in the life cycle of parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The protein is useful as a reagent and, when combined with a pharmaceutically-acceptable vehicle or carrier, is useful as a vaccine against the material parasite Plasmodium falciparum. A genetic construct used to produce this recombinant protein vaccine is also described. In addition, antibodies to this recombinant protein are provided which are useful for the detection and measurement of peptides derived from different stages in the life cycle of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum.