Abstract: An apparatus, program product and method generate difference data representative of modifications made to one release of a standard code base to facilitate the adaptation of later releases of the standard code base. The difference data is generated at least in part in connection with canonical parsing of a modified version of a release of a standard code base such that the difference data is representative of semantic changes made in the modified version.

Abstract: A XML-aware file system exploits attributes encoded in a XML document. The file system presents a dynamic directory structure to the user, and breaks the conventional tight linkage between sets of files and the physical directory structure, thus allowing different users to see files organized in a different fashion. The dynamic structure is based upon content, which is extracted using an inverted index according to attributes and values defined by the XML structure. In one application, a dynamically changing federated repository is searchable using a system of local and merged master indices, wherein query results are presented as virtual directory paths that are semantically organized.

Abstract: A method for searching a corpus of documents, such as the World Wide Web, includes defining a knowledge domain and identifying a set of reference documents in the corpus pertinent to the domain. Upon inputting a query, the corpus is searched using the set of reference documents to find one or more of the documents in the corpus that contain information in the domain relevant to the query. The set of reference documents is updated with the found documents that are most relevant to the domain. The updated set is used in searching the corpus for information in the domain relevant to subsequent queries.

Abstract: A method for searching a corpus of documents, such as the World Wide Web, includes defining a knowledge domain and identifying a set of reference documents in the corpus pertinent to the domain. Upon inputting a query, the corpus is searched using the set of reference documents to find one or more of the documents in the corpus that contain information in the domain relevant to the query. The set of reference documents is updated with the found documents that are most relevant to the domain. The updated set is used in searching the corpus for information in the domain relevant to subsequent queries.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a technique of field-level caching in distributed object-oriented systems, in which a speculative approach is taken to identify opportunities for caching. The speculative approach is particularly suitable for exploitation of opportunities for caching. Invalidation protocols, which are fully compliant with the Java memory model, are provided to recover from incorrect speculation, while incurring only a low overhead. The technique has been implemented on a cluster of machines, and has been found to be readily scalable with multi-threaded applications. Field caching, optionally combined with other optimizations, produces a practically important performance step up in distributed environments, such as the cluster virtual machine for Java, which transparently distributes an application's threads and objects among the nodes of a cluster.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a technique of field-level caching in distributed object-oriented systems, in which a speculative approach is taken to identify opportunities for caching. The speculative approach is particularly suitable for exploitation of opportunities for caching. Invalidation protocols, which are fully compliant with the Java memory model, are provided to recover from incorrect speculation, while incurring only a low overhead. The technique has been implemented on a cluster of machines, and has been found to be readily scalable with multi-threaded applications. Field caching, optionally combined with other optimizations, produces a practically important performance step up in distributed environments, such as the cluster virtual machine for Java, which transparently distributes an application's threads and objects among the nodes of a cluster.