Abstract: Described herein is a method of producing a perovskite material on a substrate by LEP printing comprising: printing a composition comprising a salt AX and a resin in a carrier liquid; printing a composition comprising a salt selected from BX2 and in BX4 and a resin in a carrier liquid; and heat treating the printed compositions; or printing a composition comprising a material with a perovskite structure and a resin in a carrier liquid; wherein the resin comprises a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. Also described is an ink set and a printed substrate.

Abstract: Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX3 and A2BX6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

Abstract: Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic photovoltaic ink composition comprising: a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure, a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles in a carrier liquid; wherein the material with a perovskite structure has a chemical formula selected from ABX3 and A2BX6; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; and wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises: a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. Also described is a method of producing a photovoltaic cell using the LEP ink and the printed cell produced by the method.

Abstract: An electroluminescent cell can comprise a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electroluminescent layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode can comprise a light-transmitting electrode layer that can comprise electrically conductive regions interspersed by light-transmitting regions. The light-transmitting regions can have higher light-transmissivity than the electrically conductive regions.

Abstract: Herein is described a light-emitting electrochemical cell comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode; a light-emitting layer disposed between the first and second electrodes and comprising a printed electrostatic ink comprising a thermoplastic resin having dispersed therein an electroluminescent material. Also described herein is a method of making an electrostatic ink, the method comprising: providing a carrier fluid (i) in which is dispersed a molten or a dissolved thermoplastic polymer resin and (ii) containing particles of an electroluminescent material suspended therein; effecting precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid onto the electroluminescent material to form particles comprising the electroluminescent material with a coating comprising the thermoplastic resin in solid form thereon. Also described herein is an electrostatic ink comprising: chargeable particles comprising an electroluminescent material having a coating of a thermoplastic resin thereon.

Abstract: An electroluminescent cell can comprise a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electroluminescent layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode can comprise a light-transmitting electrode layer that can comprise electrically conductive regions interspersed by light-transmitting regions. The light-transmitting regions can have higher light-transmissivity than the electrically conductive regions.

Abstract: Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic photovoltaic ink composition comprising: a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure, a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles in a carrier liquid; wherein the material with a perovskite structure has a chemical formula selected from ABX3 and A2BX6; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; and wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises: a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. Also described is a method of producing a photovoltaic cell using the LEP ink and the printed cell produced by the method.

Abstract: Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX3 and A2BX6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

Abstract: A method of producing a material with a perovskite structure on a substrate by liquid electrophotographic printing comprises: either liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a salt AX and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid; liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a salt selected from BX2 and BX4 and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid; and heat treating the printed compositions to form the material with a perovskite structure; or liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid to form the material with a perovskite structure; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups.

Abstract: Described herein is a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising a liquid carrier; and chargeable toner particles comprising a resin and an aluminium-based color-shifting pigment. Also described herein is a method of printing comprising: printing onto a substrate a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising: a liquid carrier; and chargeable toner particles comprising a resin and an aluminium-based color-shifting pigment, and a printed article comprising a print substrate having printed thereon the electrostatic ink composition.

Abstract: A liquid electrophotographic ink composition is described. The liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprises a ceramic pigment, a polymer resin, a glass frit, and a liquid carrier. Also described is a heat transferable printed image, a process for printing a heat transferable image and a process for heat transfer printing using the liquid electrophotographic ink composition.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a liquid electrophotographic electrode ink composition comprising: a thermoplastic polymer comprising a copolymer of an olefin and acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid; an electroactive material comprising a lithium intercalation material; a charge adjuvant, and a liquid carrier.

Abstract: A liquid electrostatic ink composition is described comprising carbon nanotubes; a resin; and a dispersant comprising at least one polysiloxane in an amount from about 0.01 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the combined weight of carbon nanotubes and resin. In some examples, the polysiloxane is a trisiloxane and has at least one polyether group. Also described is an environmental sensor comprising a printed conductive trace formed by printing an electrophotographic ink composition comprising carbon nanotubes, a resin and a dispersant. The dispersant may be an organic hydrocarbon based dispersant, such as a basic amine dispersant, or a polysiloxane dispersant.

Abstract: A method for producing a conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition is described, the method comprising: heating a polymer resin in a carrier fluid to dissolve the polymer resin; adding conductive metallic pigment particles to be coated to the carrier fluid; cooling the carrier fluid to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is at least partially formed on the conductive metallic pigment particles; reheating the suspension of partially coated conductive metallic pigment particles in the carrier fluid; and cooling the carrier fluid at a controlled rate to effect precipitation of the polymer resin from the carrier fluid such that a coating of the resin is formed on the conductive metallic pigment particles, thereby producing the conductive liquid electrophotographic ink composition.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for forming on a substrate (214) a pattern of a material, a material layer is provided on an intermediate carrier (204) and an adhesive layer is provided on the material layer, wherein at least one of the material layer or the adhesive layer comprises a pattern corresponding to the pattern to be formed on the substrate (214). The material is transferred to the substrate (214) with the adhesive fixing the material to a surface (216) of the substrate (214).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrophotographic ink composition. The composition comprises thermoplastic polymer, solder material, conductive filler and liquid carrier. The present disclosure also relates to a method of printing a conductive trace on a print substrate. The method comprises electrophotographically printing the electrophotographic ink composition described above onto a print substrate.

Abstract: Herein are describes liquid electrophotographic ink compositions and methods for producing liquid electrophotographic ink composition. The liquid electrophotographic ink compositions may be producing using a method comprising: grinding a resin and a pigment to form a paste; reacting an aluminium C12-24 carboxylate and a molecule having a molecular weight (Mw) of less than about 1000 and comprising a functional group selected from an amide, an ester, a carboxylic acid, an amine, an imide and combinations thereof to form a charge promoting component; and combining the paste and the charge promoting component to form a liquid electrophotographic ink.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a liquid electrophotographic electrode ink composition comprising: a thermoplastic polymer comprising a copolymer of an olefin and acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid; an electroactive material comprising a lithium intercalation material; a charge adjuvant, and a liquid carrier.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrophotographic active ink composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer comprising a copolymer of an olefin and acrylic acid and/or metacrylic acid; active photovoltaic material comprising electron donor material and electron acceptor material; a charge adjuvant, and a liquid carrier.

Abstract: According to an example, a resin, a carrier liquid, and a pearlescent pigment may be mixed to form a liquid electrophotographic ink.