Abstract: To detect deterioration of an SOA and perform feedback control to keep light intensity of output light constant in a configuration in which a DFB laser, an EA modulator, and the SOA are monolithically integrated. A semiconductor optical integrated element includes: a DFB laser that outputs continuous light; an EA modulator that modulates the continuous light; a first multimode interference coupler that inputs the modulated light from a first input port, divides the modulated light, and outputs the divided modulated light from two or more output ports; semiconductor optical amplifiers that are connected to respective output ports of the first multimode interference coupler and amplify each of the divided modulated light; a second multimode interference coupler that has input ports connected to respective outputs of the semiconductor optical amplifiers, multiplexes the amplified modulated light, and outputs the multiplexed modulated light from a first output port; and a monitoring waveguide.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a device includes: a circuit on a first surface of a substrate and including a first contact; an aluminum oxide layer above the substrate in a first direction perpendicular to the first surface; a cell including a capacitor provided in the aluminum oxide layer; a first conductive layer provided between the substrate and the aluminum oxide layer in the first direction and connected to the cell; a first insulating layer between the first conductive layer and the substrate in the first direction; a second insulating layer adjacent to the aluminum oxide layer in a second direction parallel to the first surface and provided above the substrate in the first direction; and a second contact in the second insulating layer and above the first contact in the first direction to connect the cell to the first contact.

Abstract: A memory includes: a magnet including a first and second portions adjacent in a first direction. The first portion has a first dimension in a second direction at a first position at which a dimension of the magnet in the second direction is maximum, the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second portion has a second dimension in the second direction at a second position at which a dimension of the magnet in the second direction is minimum, the second dimension smaller than the first dimension, the first portion is continuous to the second portion via a third position between the first and second positions, a curve corresponding to an outer of the magnet extends between the first and third positions, and the curve passes through a side closer to the central axis of the magnet than a straight line connecting the first and second positions.

Abstract: To provide a transplant-use tendon harvesting device that can harvest a tendon more easily. The transplant-use tendon harvesting device 1 includes a mantle portion 5 and a tendon separation element 8. The mantle portion 5 is configured to be inserted into a body from an incision portion 4 and moved along a tendon 3 to be harvested. The tendon separation element 8 is formed of an elastic member and attached to the mantle portion 5 to move along the tendon 3 together with the mantle portion 5 so as to separate an end portion of the tendon 3 on the moving direction side from another tissue. The tendon separation element 8 includes a separation functional portion 6 to cause the tendon 3 to pass inside at a time of moving along the tendon 3 to separate the tendon 3 and linear portions 11 and 12 inserted into the mantle portion 5 to be fixed.

Abstract: To provide a surgical instrument for performing incision that enables surgery to be performed safely and easily, with minimal invasiveness and a reduced risk of damaging a tissue, such as a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel. This surgical instrument enables a tendon sheath and an aponeurotic membrane to be incised safely without significantly incising the skin or subcutaneous tissue, and makes it possible to conduct surgery percutaneously at an extremely low level of invasion.

Abstract: To provide a surgical instrument for performing incision that enables surgery to be performed safely and easily, with minimal invasiveness and a reduced risk of damaging a tissue, such as a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel. The surgical instrument for performing incision includes incision reception means that receives an incision portion of a tendon sheath and an aponeurotic membrane, guide fixture means that fixes the incision reception means outside a body, and incision means that performs incision under guidance of the guide fixture means, the instrument being configured to incise a tendon sheath and an aponeurotic membrane by pressing and moving the incision means against the incision reception means. This surgical instrument for performing incision enables a tendon sheath and an aponeurotic membrane to be incised safely without significantly incising the skin or subcutaneous tissue, and makes it possible to conduct surgery percutaneously at an extremely low level of invasion.

Abstract: A transmissive screen includes a diffusing plate 7 having two first diffusing layers 13 and 15, to which diffusing particles are added respectively, arranged with a second diffusing layer 14, to which diffusing particles whose particle size is smaller than that of the first diffusing layers 13 and 15 are added, in between. Accordingly, even in the case where a diameter of a projection pupil of a projection lens that projects light onto the transmissive screen is small, an image glaring when displaying a bright image can be controlled, while minimizing deterioration of gain, resolution and uniformity.

Abstract: A rear projection display apparatus is provided with a screen unit. The screen unit includes a Fresnel lens sheet for gathering incident image light, a lenticular lens sheet for causing the image light gathered by the Fresnel lens sheet to be incident thereon and to be diffused, and having an external-light absorbing layer on the emergent side thereof, and a light diffusing structure for diffusing the image light incident on the lenticular lens sheet. The haze of the light diffusing structure is set at a predetermined value, and the covering ratio per unit area of the external-light absorbing layer is set according to the diffusion property represented by the haze so that it is smaller than the case in which no light diffusing structure is employed.

Abstract: A projection-type display device includes an image projector and a screen, in which image projector is for projecting image light rays and the screen is disposed on a side to which the image light rays are projected from the image projector. The screen is formed of a Fresnel lens sheet with one side thereof facing the image projector and a lenticular sheet disposed on the other side of the Fresnel lens sheet for transmitting the image light rays that are formed into a picture on the screen. The Fresnel lens sheet has a fixed focal length in a region from the center of the Fresnel lens sheet to a prescribed distance and focal lengths gradually decreasing toward the outer periphery of the Fresnel lens sheet in a region exceeding the prescribed distance.

Abstract: A rear projector for projecting an image onto a display screen mounted on a frame. The frame includes first and second pairs of oppositely disposed mounting members having surfaces adapted to contact the screen. Each mounting member of the first pair is formed of first and second inwardly angled portions which meet at a juncture in a middle region of the member. The screen is coupled to the surfaces of the first and second pairs of mounting members to form an inward curvature of the screen.

Abstract: A screen medium of a rear projection screen is formed on its incidence surface with lenticular lenses, and on its viewing surface with lenticular lenses in light focusing area and with grooves and ridges in no-light focusing areas. Each of the grooves is bordered by the ridges and filled therein a ink so as to form an ambient light absorbing layer.

Abstract: Provided is a rear projection screen apparatus having a rear projection screen, light rays from a projecter being incident upon the rear surface of the rear projection screen at steep angles, wherein a plurality of elongated prisms are formed on the rear surface of the screen, each prism having a reflection surface extending therealong, thereby the incedence light rays are internally reflected, and then transmitted through the medium of screen for emerging from the front surface of the screen on the viewing side, and the rear surface of the screen is in a curve shape which is convex toward the viewing side so that the brightness of the screen can be made to be uniform.