Abstract: A powder replenisher includes a powder replenishment container to be replenished with powder. A pressure adjuster increases and decreases operating pressure applied to a variable capacity portion. A powder measuring instrument measures an amount of the powder that replenishes the powder replenishment container. A controller performs a precise replenishing mode in which, after the controller determines that the powder replenishment container is replenished with the powder in a predetermined amount, while the controller controls the powder measuring instrument to measure the amount of the powder inside the powder replenishment container, the controller controls the pressure adjuster to replenish the powder replenishment container with the powder in a target amount.

Abstract: An earphone includes an inserter configured to be inserted into an outer ear hole of an ear, a main body configured to be coupled to the inserter, and an earpiece covering the inserter. The main body includes a bottom surface and a side surface that are configured to contact a surface of a cavum concha. The side surface has a first region configured to contact a side wall of an antihelix. The first region has a protrusion configured to contact an inner side of the antihelix.

Abstract: An earphone housing includes an inserter to be inserted into an outer ear hole, and a main body to be coupled to the inserter. The main body includes a bottom surface to contact a surface of a cavum concha, and a side surface to contact a tragus and an antitragus. The side surface includes a depressed part depressed inward and contacting a top of the antitragus, and the side surface contacts the tragus at a part other than the depressed part.

Abstract: An earphone holding member includes a holder. The holder includes a side portion and a plane portion. The side portion is configured to contact at least a lower antihelix crus, an antihelix, and an antitragus of an ear. The plane portion configured to partially and planarly contact the ear.

Abstract: An earphone includes a housing and a microphone. The microphone is provided in the housing. The housing includes a hole that leads to the microphone. The hole has a shape in which a cross-sectional area expands, toward a back of a head of a user wearing the earphone, from the microphone toward an outside of the housing. The housing, in a case of being worn by the user, is located farther away from an external earhole, in an outside direction from a side of the head, than from an ear of the user.

Abstract: A speaker provided with an electrostatic speaker unit in a shape of a sheet, includes: a sound absorbing material having a first face which is disposed on a side of a first face of the electrostatic speaker unit, and which has an area equal to or larger than an area of the first face of the electrostatic speaker unit; and a holding member holding the electrostatic speaker unit and the sound absorbing material. A second face of the sound absorbing material, which is opposite to the first face thereof, is disposed so as to be opposed to a face of a sound insulating element, and an area of the face of the sound insulating element is equal to or larger than the area of the first face of the electrostatic speaker unit.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker includes: an oscillator; a first cushioning material layer and a second cushioning material layer; a first electrode and a second electrode; and a first cover layer and a second cover layer. In a second region inside a first region including an outer edge end of a laminated body including a plurality of layers including at least the first cover layer and the second cover layer, two adjacent layers of the plurality of layers included in the laminated body are fixed to each other, and strength at the outer edge end in the first region is higher than strength in the second region.

Abstract: An electrostatic loudspeaker includes: a first electrode having acoustic transmission property; a second electrode having acoustic transmission property, and disposed so as to be opposed to the first electrode; a vibrating member having conductibility, and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first elastic member having elasticity, insulation property, and acoustic transmission property, and disposed between the vibrating member and the first electrode; a second elastic member having elasticity, insulation property, and acoustic transmission property, and disposed between the vibrating member and the second electrode; and a first separation member having insulation property and acoustic transmission property, and disposed on an opposite side of a face of the first electrode, which is opposed to the first elastic member.

Abstract: An electrostatic loudspeaker includes: a vibrating member; an electrode disposed so as to be opposed to the vibrating member; a spacer member disposed on an opposite side of a face of the electrode, which is opposed to the vibrating member, and having acoustic transmission property; and a cover member disposed on an opposite side of a face of the spacer member, which is opposed to the electrode, and having waterproof property and insulation property.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker includes: an oscillator; a first cushioning material layer and a second cushioning material layer; a first electrode and a second electrode; and a first cover layer and a second cover layer. In a second region inside a first region including an outer edge end of a laminated body including a plurality of layers including at least the first cover layer and the second cover layer, two adjacent layers of the plurality of layers included in the laminated body are fixed to each other, and strength at the outer edge end in the first region is higher than strength in the second region.

Abstract: An electrostatic loudspeaker includes: a first electrode having acoustic transmission property; a second electrode having acoustic transmission property, and disposed so as to be opposed to the first electrode; a vibrating member having conductibility, and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first elastic member having elasticity, insulation property, and acoustic transmission property, and disposed between the vibrating member and the first electrode; a second elastic member having elasticity, insulation property, and acoustic transmission property, and disposed between the vibrating member and the second electrode; and a first separation member having insulation property and acoustic transmission property, and disposed on an opposite side of a face of the first electrode, which is opposed to the first elastic member.

Abstract: An electrostatic loudspeaker includes: a vibrating member; an electrode disposed so as to be opposed to the vibrating member; a spacer member disposed on an opposite side of a face of the electrode, which is opposed to the vibrating member, and having acoustic transmission property; and a cover member disposed on an opposite side of a face of the spacer member, which is opposed to the electrode, and having waterproof property and insulation property.

Abstract: An external inserting meatus of user is closed with an insert earphone device in use so that it is hard that external sound penetrates into the external inserting meatus; not only an internal sound propagation path but also an external sound propagation path are formed in an inserting body of the earphone device, and an active diaphragm is provided in the inserting body so as to make the external sound propagation path closed therewith and block the external auditory meatus from the external sound; the active diaphragm is formed from electroactive polymer layer sandwiched between electrodes, and the active diaphragm is deformed in the presence of voltage so as permit the user easily to control it.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker is constituted of a vibrator, conductive cloths, and elastic members, which are laminated together and woven together using strings. Since all the constituent elements are restrained in positioning by strings, the overall structure thereof is not substantially changed even when the electrostatic speaker is deformed in shape by bending or curving, wherein it is possible to secure the prescribed positional relationship between the constituent elements, which are not deviated in positioning. It is possible to introduce a sheet composed of a thermoplastic resin, which holds the vibrator and elastic members therein. The conductive cloths can be replaced with film electrodes, each of which is formed such that a conductive polymer layer is formed on a base film composed of a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker is constituted of a vibrator, conductive cloths, and elastic members, which are laminated together and woven together using strings. Since all the constituent elements are restrained in positioning by strings, the overall structure thereof is not substantially changed even when the electrostatic speaker is deformed in shape by bending or curving, wherein it is possible to secure the prescribed positional relationship between the constituent elements, which are not deviated in positioning. It is possible to introduce a sheet composed of a thermoplastic resin, which holds the vibrator and elastic members therein. The conductive cloths can be replaced with film electrodes, each of which is formed such that a conductive polymer layer is formed on a base film composed of a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker is constituted of a diaphragm and an electrode which are disposed opposite to and/or slightly distanced from each other. A first conductive layer is formed on a first surface of the diaphragm whilst a second conductive layer is formed on a second surface of the diaphragm, wherein the first surface is disposed opposite to the second surface. A holding member or installation equipment holds a holding region formed at a predetermined position of the main body of an electrostatic speaker. The first conductive layer is formed on the first surface of the diaphragm while circumventing the holding region, and the second conductive layer is formed on the second surface of the electrode while circumventing the holding region. A through-hole can be formed to run through the diaphragm and electrode in the holding region of an electrostatic speaker.

Abstract: An external inserting meatus of user is closed with an insert earphone device in use so that it is hard that external sound penetrates into the external inserting meatus; not only an internal sound propagation path but also an external sound propagation path are formed in an inserting body of the earphone device, and an active diaphragm is provided in the inserting body so as to make the external sound propagation path closed therewith and block the external auditory meatus from the external sound; the active diaphragm is formed from electroactive polymer layer sandwiched between electrodes, and the active diaphragm is deformed in the presence of voltage so as permit the user easily to control it.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker is constituted of a vibrator, conductive cloths, and elastic members, which are laminated together and woven together using strings. Since all the constituent elements are restrained in positioning by strings, the overall structure thereof is not substantially changed even when the electrostatic speaker is deformed in shape by bending or curving, wherein it is possible to secure the prescribed positional relationship between the constituent elements, which are not deviated in positioning. It is possible to introduce a sheet composed of a thermoplastic resin, which holds the vibrator and elastic members therein. The conductive cloths can be replaced with film electrodes, each of which is formed such that a conductive polymer layer is formed on a base film composed of a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker is constituted of a vibrator held between opposite electrodes via spacers. The vibrator has a plurality of surface projections and a plurality of backside projections, which project in opposite directions. When voltage differences occur between the opposite electrodes due to audio signals, electrostatic force is exerted on the vibrator, which thus vibrates in response to audio signals with a high sensitivity. The vibrator 10 generates sound in response to vibration parameters such as vibration frequency, amplitude, and phase. The sound propagates through at least one of the opposite electrodes having small holes and is thus emitted to the external space. Thus, it is possible to precisely reproduce sound with a high sensitivity to audio signals and without causing distortions in reproduction waves.

Abstract: An electrostatic speaker capable of relaxing a restriction on the allowable amplitude of a diaphragm while maintaining the linearity of a force acting on the diaphragm. The electrostatic speaker mainly includes electrodes opposed to each other, a diaphragm, and elastic members interposed between the diaphragm and the electrodes. The elastic members have an elastic characteristic that generates a restorative force corresponding to higher order terms of an electrostatic force generated by the electrodes and acting on the diaphragm.