Abstract: A laminated catalyst according to an embodiment includes an oxide layer, a first catalyst layer on the oxide layer and a second catalyst layer on the first catalyst layer. The oxide layer is a layer of oxide including one or more non-noble metals as a main component. The first catalyst layer includes an oxide of noble metal including Ir and/or Ru as a main component. The second catalyst layer includes an oxide of noble metal including Ir and/or Ru as a main component. The first catalyst layer is denser than the second catalyst layer.

Abstract: A sensor includes a first element part having a first member and a first element. The first member is a acoustic tubular waveguide and extends along a first direction. The acoustic tubular waveguide includes a first opening and a second opening. A direction from the second opening toward the first opening is along the first direction. The first element includes a vibratile first membrane, and a first supporter supporting the first membrane. The second opening is between the first opening and the first membrane in the first direction. The sensor may be a Piezoelectric Micro electro mechanical systems Ultrasonic Transducer and may be used for inspecting paper and/or resin including detecting thickness of a fed through banknote and/or the presence of foreign matter thereon such as tape. An optical element may alternatively measure the vibration of a membrane from acoustic through transmission instead of an acoustic receiver.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ultrasonic device includes an ultrasonic transmitter. The ultrasonic transmitter includes a first element, a second element, and a driver. The first element is flexing-vibratable at a first resonant frequency. The second element is flexing-vibratable at a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency. The driver is configured to supply a first electrical signal to the first element and to supply a second electrical signal to the second element. The first electrical signal includes a first signal having the first resonant frequency. The second electrical signal includes a second signal having the second resonant frequency.

Abstract: An ultrasonic inspection device according to an embodiment includes: an ultrasonic transducer which includes at least one oscillator group having a plurality of oscillators in a plurality of regions, each region disposing at least one oscillator; a selector which selects at least one region having one or more of the oscillators to be driven from among the plurality of regions; and a driver which individually drives one or more of the oscillators of the at least one region being selected.

Abstract: A multilayer ultrasonic transducer of an embodiment includes: a plurality of stacked oscillators; external electrodes disposed on outer exposed surfaces of two oscillators disposed in the outermost layers out of the plurality of oscillators; and a plurality of internal electrodes each disposed between two of the plurality of oscillators. There are provided electrode regions in which the plurality of internal electrodes are arranged such that the number of layers of the internal electrodes in a direction in which the oscillators are stacked gradiently increases from an inner region toward an outer peripheral region of the plurality of oscillators, and ultrasonic waves emitted from the plurality of oscillators are focused toward at least the inner region.

Abstract: A sonic device in an embodiment includes a sonic transducer unit and a sonic propagation unit. The sonic transducer unit performs at least one of transmitting and receiving a sonic wave, and has a sonic function surface to configure at least one of a wave transmitting surface and a wave receiving surface. The sonic propagation unit includes: a substrate having a pair of electrodes; an electroadhesive element expressing body including a resin crosslinked body arranged on the substrate, and particles dispersed in the resin crosslinked body; and a power supply to apply voltage to the pair of electrodes. The sonic propagation unit is provided on the sonic function surface of the sonic transducer unit, and the electroadhesive element expressing body in the sonic propagation unit comes into contact with a test object.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, a sensor includes a first element part. The first element part includes a first member and a first element. The first member is tubular and extends along a first direction. The first member includes a first opening and a second opening. A direction from the second opening toward the first opening is along the first direction. The first element includes a vibratile first membrane, and a first supporter supporting the first membrane. The second opening is between the first opening and the first membrane in the first direction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ultrasonic sensor includes first and second elements. The first elements emit a first ultrasonic wave. A first operation is performed. The first operation includes processing based on a first signal. The first signal corresponds to a first reflected wave of the first ultrasonic wave and is obtained from NR of the second elements (NR being an integer of 3 or more) included in the second elements. The first elements are arranged in a first direction at a first pitch pT. The first pitch pT is in the first direction. The NR second elements are arranged at a pitch of the second elements. A component in the first direction of the pitch of the second elements is a second pitch pR. pR/pT is not less than 0.97 times and not more than 1.03 times (NR+j)/NR. j is not n·NR/m.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ultrasonic sensor includes first and second elements. A first operation is performed. The first operation includes processing based on first and second signals. The first signal corresponds to a first reflected wave of a first ultrasonic wave and is obtained from the first elements. The second signal corresponds to the first reflected wave and is obtained from NR2 of the second elements (NR2 being an integer of 3 or more) included in the second elements. The first elements are arranged along a first direction at a first pitch pR1. The NR2 second elements are arranged at a pitch of the second elements. A component in the first direction of the pitch of the second elements is a second pitch pR2. pR2/pR1 is not less than 0.97 times and not more than 1.03 times (NR2+j)/NR2.

Abstract: A parameter estimation method, comprises: acquiring appearance information including a shape information and a position information of at least one package; vibrating the at least one package at least at one position selected in accordance with the appearance information, and acquiring at least one data showing a vibration of the at least one package, and estimating a value of at least one parameter of the at least one package in accordance with a relation between the at least one data and the at least one parameter.

Abstract: An ultrasonic inspection device according to an embodiment includes: an ultrasonic transducer which includes at least one oscillator group having a plurality of oscillators in a plurality of regions, each region disposing at least one oscillator; a selector which selects at least one region having one or more of the oscillators to be driven from among the plurality of regions; and a driver which individually drives one or more of the oscillators of the at least one region being selected.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an inspection device includes a transmitter, a receiver, a feeder, and a processor. The transmitter emits an ultrasonic wave. The feeder causes an inspection object to move relative to the transmitter and the receiver in a space between the transmitter and the receiver. The processor processes a received signal corresponding to the ultrasonic wave obtained by the receiver. In a first state in which the inspection object includes a first region and a second region, the first region includes a foreign object, and the second region does not include the foreign object. The received signal includes a first signal level in a first interval, a second signal level in a second interval, and a third signal level in a third interval. The processor detects the foreign object by detecting at least one extreme value occurring in the received signal in a fourth interval.

Abstract: A sonic device in an embodiment includes a sonic transducer unit and a sonic propagation unit. The sonic transducer unit performs at least one of transmitting and receiving a sonic wave, and has a sonic function surface to configure at least one of a wave transmitting surface and a wave receiving surface. The sonic propagation unit includes: a substrate having a pair of electrodes; an electroadhesive element expressing body including a resin crosslinked body arranged on the substrate, and particles dispersed in the resin crosslinked body; and a power supply to apply voltage to the pair of electrodes. The sonic propagation unit is provided on the sonic function surface of the sonic transducer unit, and the electroadhesive element expressing body in the sonic propagation unit comes into contact with a test object.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ultrasonic device includes an ultrasonic transmitter. The ultrasonic transmitter includes a first element, a second element, and a driver. The first element is flexing-vibratable at a first resonant frequency. The second element is flexing-vibratable at a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency. The driver is configured to supply a first electrical signal to the first element and to supply a second electrical signal to the second element. The first electrical signal includes a first signal having the first resonant frequency. The second electrical signal includes a second signal having the second resonant frequency.

Abstract: A multilayer ultrasonic transducer of an embodiment includes: a plurality of stacked oscillators; external electrodes disposed on outer exposed surfaces of two oscillators disposed in the outermost layers out of the plurality of oscillators; and a plurality of internal electrodes each disposed between two of the plurality of oscillators. There are provided electrode regions in which the plurality of internal electrodes are arranged such that the number of layers of the internal electrodes in a direction in which the oscillators are stacked gradiently increases from an inner region toward an outer peripheral region of the plurality of oscillators, and ultrasonic waves emitted from the plurality of oscillators are focused toward at least the inner region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an inspection device includes a transmitter, a receiver, a feeder, and a processor. The transmitter emits an ultrasonic wave. The feeder causes an inspection object to move relative to the transmitter and the receiver in a space between the transmitter and the receiver. The processor processes a received signal corresponding to the ultrasonic wave obtained by the receiver. In a first state in which the inspection object includes a first region and a second region, the first region includes a foreign object, and the second region does not include the foreign object. The received signal includes a first signal level in a first interval, a second signal level in a second interval, and a third signal level in a third interval. The processor detects the foreign object by detecting at least one extreme value occurring in the received signal in a fourth interval.

Abstract: A parameter estimation method, comprises: acquiring appearance information including a shape information and a position information of at least one package; vibrating the at least one package at least at one position selected in accordance with the appearance information, and acquiring at least one data showing a vibration of the at least one package, and estimating a value of at least one parameter of the at least one package in accordance with a relation between the at least one data and the at least one parameter.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a photodetector includes a photo detection layer, light conversion members, and a first member. The photo detection layer includes, on a light incident surface, plural pixel regions and a surrounding region. The pixel region holds a photo detection element to detect the light. The surrounding region is a region other than the pixel regions on the light incident surface. The light conversion members are arranged to oppose the pixel regions in the photo detection layer and convert radiation to the light. Each light conversion member includes a bottom surface opposing the pixel region in the photo detection layer, a top surface opposing the bottom surface, and a lateral surface connecting the bottom and top surfaces. The first member is disposed on a portion of the surrounding region on the light incident surface and covers a portion of the lateral surface of the light conversion member.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an apparatus includes a reference calculator, a peak calculator, a coefficient calculator, and a calibrator. The reference calculator is configured to calculate, as a first value, a most frequent electrical signal level from a first set of electrical signal levels output from the respective pixels of a detector for radiation. The peak calculator is configured to calculate, as a second value, a peak level of radiation energy of a characteristic X-ray, based on a relation between energy and intensity of radiation obtained from the first set. The coefficient calculator is configured to calculate a coefficient by dividing a difference between the first and second values by the peak level. The calibrator is configured to multiply an electrical signal level of each pixel by the coefficient and add the first value to the multiplication to calibrate a relation between detection output and incident radiation of the detector.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a radiation detector according to an embodiment includes: forming a plurality of scintillator array columns, each of the scintillator array columns being formed by preparing a scintillator member that a thickness being smaller than a length and a width, the scintillator member having a first face, a second face, a third face, and a fourth face, and being cut from the third face along the second direction to form at least a groove that penetrates from the first face to the second face but does not reach the fourth face to have an uncut portion near the fourth face; stacking the scintillator array columns in the first direction with a space between each of adjacent two scintillator array columns, and filling a spacer material into the space; inserting a reflector into each space and each groove; and cutting the uncut portion.